Yarrow, botanically known as Achillea, is a genus of herbaceous perennial plants in the Asteraceae family, renowned for their resilience, flat-topped flower clusters, and feathery, aromatic foliage. The most common species, Achillea millefolium, is native to many regions, including North America, and is often recognized by its white blooms. However, for the garden, numerous cultivars and hybrids have been developed, offering a stunning palette of colors and improved garden habits. These plants are characterized by their finely dissected, fern-like leaves and their ability to thrive in full sun and well-drained soil, making them excellent choices for xeriscaping and low-maintenance borders.
Garden yarrows primarily fall into a few key species, each contributing specific traits to the cultivated varieties available to American gardeners.
Achillea millefolium (Common Yarrow): This species is the foundation for many modern hybrids. It is incredibly adaptable, tolerating poor soil, drought, and heat. While the wild form is typically white, cultivars explode with color. 'Paprika' features vibrant red flowers with yellow centers that fade to a soft pink, while 'Terracotta' offers unique peach and orange tones. 'Cerise Queen' is a classic with its bright pink, long-lasting blooms. These varieties tend to spread readily, making them excellent ground covers.
Achillea filipendulina (Fernleaf Yarrow): Distinguished by its taller, more upright habit and larger, brighter flower heads, this species is a stately presence in the garden. The most famous cultivar is 'Coronation Gold', a robust plant producing massive, mustard-yellow flower clusters on strong stems that are perfect for cutting and drying. 'Cloth of Gold' is another tall, vibrant yellow variety known for its exceptional heat tolerance.
Achillea ptarmica (Sneezewort): This species offers a different growth habit, with smaller, more numerous, button-like white flowers. It prefers slightly more moisture than its relatives. The popular double-flowered cultivar 'The Pearl' resembles tiny white pompoms and adds a delicate, cottage-garden charm to borders.
Plant breeders have created exceptional hybrid series that combine the best traits of multiple species, resulting in plants with vibrant colors, compact forms, and strong disease resistance.
The 'Summer Pastels' Series: These hybrids are celebrated for their beautiful, soft colors that include shades of pink, salmon, lavender, and cream, all on a single plant that changes hue as the flowers age. They provide a long season of interest and are generally more clump-forming than the spreading A. millefolium types.
The 'Galaxy' Series: Bred for a wide range of bold, clear colors and strong, upright stems, this series includes standout varieties like 'Appleblossom' (soft pink) and 'Red Velvet' (a true, non-fading red). They are excellent for creating dramatic focal points and are highly attractive to pollinators.
When choosing a yarrow, consider your specific garden environment. For hot, dry, poor soils, the A. millefolium cultivars and 'Coronation Gold' are unbeatable. For a more formal border where you need a plant that stays put, the clump-forming hybrids are a better choice. For height and impact at the back of a sunny border, A. filipendulina varieties are ideal. Dwarf varieties, such as Achillea x lewisii 'King Edward', are perfect for rock gardens or the front of a border. All yarrows require excellent drainage, especially in winter, as they are susceptible to rot in wet, heavy soils.
