It is better to choose sandy soil with deep soil layer, loose soil structure, low groundwater level, good drainage and rich organic matter, and avoid the place with heavy clay or low-lying water. There are many varieties of roses. According to different purposes of garden construction, different good varieties and strong seedlings can be selected. For the rose garden with the purpose of producing flower buds, abundant rose, double rose or Purple Branch rose can be selected. The sprouting seedlings should have 2-3 branches, and the Rootstock Roots of the grafted seedlings should be developed. The plant height is more than 30 Ka.
Rose can be planted all year round. The root system should be kept moist in the growing season and cold proof in winter. But it is better to plant the rose after autumn leaves and before spring germination, and the best planting period is from autumn leaves to before freezing. In order to make the plant grow and expand the flower cluster as soon as possible, it is necessary to carry out large hole planting, with hole length and width of 1m, depth of 0.6-0.8m, or excavation depth and width of 0. 6-0.8m planting ditch. Plant application organic fertilizer N) 18, superphosphate 0.5bs, mixed with soil, concentrated in the soil depth of 0.2-0.5m, stable after planting, timely irrigation and water permeability.
1. Rhizosphere soil cultivation 80% of the roots of rose are horizontal roots. After the leaves or early spring time, the base of rose is generally 4-8 T-shirt thick, which not only thickens the soil layer of flowers, promotes the growth of roots, but also increases the humus of soil after the leaves and weeds are buried in the human soil and rotted. At the same time, the infected leaves are buried in the human soil, which also reduces the spread of pathogens.
2. Deep soil remoulding & it can be carried out in two to three years after rose planting. The time is before rose leaves, after thawing in spring, before germination or after harvest, combined with fertilization. The main method is to dig deep ditches and turn them along the outer edge of the rose bush. The ditches are 40-50 Ka deep and 50 wide with printed shirt. When turning them deep, it is necessary to open the original planting ditches, leave no partition wall, and try to avoid damaging the large roots of the plants.
3. Weeding is carried out in the rose growing period, 4-5 times a year, and the depth is generally 10-15 coffee. Combined with the medium ploughing, weeds are removed, especially perennial weeds and vines.
4. Note that if the soil is dry during each fertilization, it should be irrigated with water once after fertilization. From the middle of August to the middle of October, the branches and leaves gradually stopped growing, and a large amount of photosynthesis accumulated nutrients flowed back to the root system. In this period, the organic base fertilizer should be applied instead of the quick acting nitrogen fertilizer. When applying the human base fertilizer, it can be combined with the deep turning at the same time. The amount of 2500-50001q per 667m2, and then the winter irrigation once.
Rose pruning can be divided into winter and spring pruning and post flower pruning.
Pruning in winter and spring shall be carried out from the time when the rose leaves to the time before germination. The pruning shall be mainly sparse, with 15 extra branches for each cluster. If the space is large, the pruning can be shortened appropriately to promote the branching, so as to ensure the yield of fresh flowers. It is necessary to cut the rosebush with more old branches properly to achieve the purpose of centralized nutrition, promoting the germination of new branches and restoring the growth.
Pruning after flowers is carried out after the flowers are collected. It is mainly used for the vigorous growth, dense branches, Cross branches and overlapping branches of the trees with dense branches. However, the pruning should be done gently, otherwise the balance between the ground and the underground will be out of balance, resulting in adverse consequences.
The high production period of roses is generally 7-8 years old, and the roses after 10 years old can be gradually renewed or rejuvenated. There are two main methods:
One is the one-time renewal method, that is, before and after the frost, all the rose branches are cut off at 5-60n from the ground, and then the rose bushes are cultivated into steamed bread shape with fine soil to stimulate the next year's rebirth of new branches. In the second year of this method, there is basically no production.
The second is the annual renewal method, which is widely used in rose production. According to the growth of rose bushes every year, some dead branches, slender branches, aging branches and disease and pest branches shall be appropriately cut, so as to promote the growth of new and tender branches in the rose bushes every year and maintain the vigorous growth of the rose bushes, i.e. not reducing the production, but also achieving the purpose of renewal and rejuvenation.
From late April to early June is the period of rose picking. The process of rose from bud formation to full bloom can be divided into six stages: bud emergence stage, middle bud stage, full bud stage, petal opening stage, half opening stage and full opening stage. For medicinal rose, the flower bud shall be fully expanded, and the petals shall not be cracked, i.e. the rose shall be picked when the bud is full; for the essential oil of rose, it shall be picked when the rose is half opened and cup-shaped, i.e. the rose is half opened. The specific time of picking is 5-8 in the morning.
