Yes, you can absolutely grow Lithops from seed in the United States. As a genus of succulent plants native to the arid deserts of southern Africa, Lithops, commonly called "living stones," have evolved to thrive in harsh, dry, and sunny conditions. Their entire growth cycle is an adaptation to conserve water, from their stone-like appearance that provides camouflage to their unique method of growing a new leaf pair from within the old one. Growing them from seed is a rewarding process that allows you to observe this fascinating life cycle from its very beginning, and it is entirely feasible within the varied climates of the U.S. with some controlled intervention.
The first step is obtaining viable seeds. It is crucial to source seeds from reputable specialty nurseries or cactus and succulent society seed exchanges within the United States. This ensures the seeds are healthy and, most importantly, legally imported. The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) enstrict regulations on the import of plant material to prevent the introduction of pests and diseases. Purchasing from a domestic supplier who has already navigated these phytosanitary laws is the safest and most responsible method for a home grower. Never attempt to order seeds from international sources without proper permits.
Lithops seeds require a specific environment to break dormancy. The foundation is a very well-draining, sterile, mineral-based substrate. A mix of mostly inorganic materials like coarse sand, perlite, pumice, and a small amount (less than 20%) of potting soil is ideal. This mimics the gritty, low-organic matter soils of their native habitat and prevents rot. The seeds are tiny and should be scattered on the surface of moistened (not soggy) soil, as they need light to germinate. The pot must have excellent drainage holes. Consistent warmth (around 70-80°F or 21-27°C) is critical, often achieved using a seedling heat mat. High humidity is maintained by covering the pot with a clear plastic lid or plastic wrap until germination occurs, typically within one to three weeks.
Once the tiny green seedlings emerge, the plastic cover should be gradually removed to allow for airflow and prevent fungal growth. This stage is the most delicate. The seedlings have extremely shallow roots and are susceptible to drying out too quickly or damping off from too much moisture. They require very bright, but indirect, light. A south-facing windowsill or under a grow light is perfect in the U.S., where light intensity varies greatly by region and season. Direct, harsh afternoon sun can easily scorch and kill the delicate seedlings. They should be watered from below by placing the pot in a shallow tray of water, allowing the substrate to wick up moisture, and then allowed to dry out almost completely before the next watering.
Lithops seedlings grow slowly, and it will take several months before they begin to resemble tiny stones and several years to reach maturity. Their care is governed by a distinct annual cycle tied to water. In the spring and autumn, they are actively growing and can receive careful watering. During the intense heat of summer, they enter a dormant state to conserve resources; watering should be severely restricted. Most notably, in late winter and spring, the plant undergoes its signature transformation: a new leaf pair develops inside the old one, drawing moisture and nutrients from it. During this phase, you must withhold all water until the old "body" has completely withered and dried up. Adhering to this natural cycle of growth and drought is the key to successfully cultivating Lithops from seed to adulthood anywhere in the United States.
