To understand our watering needs, you must first understand our origin. We, geraniums (Pelargoniums), hail from South Africa, a land of well-draining soils, abundant sunshine, and infrequent but heavy rainfall. Our roots are adapted to a cycle: a thorough drenching followed by a period where the soil dries out considerably. This evolutionary history means our primary need is for excellent drainage. We abhor having our roots constantly sitting in wet, soggy soil, as this suffocates us and leads to a swift and untimely demise from root rot. Therefore, the golden rule is not to water us on a rigid schedule, but to water based on our condition and our environment.
The most reliable method to determine if we need water is to physically check the moisture level of our soil. Simply insert your finger into the soil up to the first or second knuckle (about 1-2 inches deep). If the soil at that depth feels completely dry to the touch, it is time to provide us with a deep, thorough watering. If the soil still feels cool or moist, please wait and check again in a day or two. This method ensures you are responding to our actual needs rather than an arbitrary calendar date, which can lead to overwatering, especially during cooler, cloudy periods.
Several external factors dramatically affect how quickly we use the water you provide. You must observe these conditions closely: Sunlight and Temperature: During the hot, sunny days of summer, we are actively growing and photosynthesizing at a rapid pace. Our soil will dry out much faster, often requiring water every 2-3 days, or even daily during a heatwave. Conversely, in cooler, overcast weather, our water consumption slows, and we may only need water once a week or less. Pot Size and Material: We planted in small pots or porous terracotta pots will dry out significantly faster than those in large, plastic, or glazed ceramic containers. A small pot has less soil volume, meaning it holds less water reserve for our roots. Plant Size and Growth Stage: A large, bushy geranium in full bloom has a much greater water demand than a small, newly potted plant. Our thirst increases during our vigorous flowering period.
We will communicate our state of hydration to you through our leaves. If we are underwatered and thirsty, our leaves will become limp, wilt, and may even develop crispy, brown edges. The flowers may also drop prematurely. The good news is we are resilient; a good drink will usually perk us up within hours. The signs of overwatering are more sinister and often irreversible. You will see yellowing leaves, particularly the lower ones, a general look of wilting despite wet soil, and soft, mushy stems. This indicates root rot has set in, and our root system can no longer function.
When it is time to water, please do so properly. Apply water slowly at the base of the plant, directly onto the soil, until you see it begin to flow freely out of the drainage holes at the bottom of the pot. This ensures the entire root ball is evenly moistened. Avoid splashing water on our leaves and flowers, as this can promote fungal diseases. Always empty the saucer or cache pot after 15-20 minutes to guarantee we are not left standing in water. This practice of deep, infrequent watering encourages our roots to grow strong and deep, creating a healthier and more drought-resilient plant.
