The primary safety concern regarding ZZ plants (Zamioculcas zamiifolia) and babies stems from the plant's natural defense mechanism. Like many plants in the Araceae family, all parts of the ZZ plant contain calcium oxalate crystals. These microscopic, needle-sharp crystals are a deterrent to herbivores in the wild. If a baby were to chew on or ingest a leaf or stem, these crystals can be released, causing immediate and significant irritation to the soft tissues of the mouth, throat, and digestive system.
For a curious baby who explores the world by putting things in their mouth, the ZZ plant presents a tangible hazard. The risks are specifically associated with ingestion and, to a lesser extent, skin contact. If ingested, the calcium oxalate crystals can cause symptoms such as intense burning and pain in the mouth and throat, excessive drooling, swelling of the lips, tongue, and throat, difficulty swallowing, and potential vomiting. While the plant is considered toxic, it is important to note that it is severely bitter. This often means a child would spit it out after the first taste, limiting the amount ingested, but the initial reaction can still be very painful and distressing.
It is crucial to distinguish between a plant being "toxic" and it being "poisonous" in a lethal sense. The ZZ plant is classified as toxic because it can cause a harmful reaction. However, it is not considered lethally poisonous. The reaction is typically localized to the areas of contact and is intensely uncomfortable but not usually life-threatening. The greatest danger would be from severe swelling that could potentially obstruct the airway, though this is rare. The plant's bitter taste is a natural deterrent that usually prevents a large quantity from being consumed.
From the plant's perspective, its survival strategy is to not be eaten. From a parent's perspective, this trait necessitates proactive measures. The most effective strategy is complete prevention of access. This means placing the ZZ plant in an entirely inaccessible location, such as a high shelf in a room the baby does not frequent or a securely closed-off area. Hanging planters are another excellent option. Furthermore, it is advisable to wear gloves when handling the plant for pruning or repotting to avoid any potential sap contact with your skin, which could cause minor irritation, and to always wash your hands thoroughly afterward.
If you suspect your baby has put any part of a ZZ plant in their mouth, it is important to act quickly. First, remove any plant material from the child's mouth. Wipe out the mouth with a soft, wet cloth and offer a cool drink or snack like a popsicle or yogurt to help soothe the irritation. Do not induce vomiting. Monitor closely for any signs of difficulty breathing or severe swelling. Immediately contact your local poison control center or emergency medical services for specific guidance based on the symptoms observed. It is helpful to have the plant's name ready to provide accurate information.
