Selecting a robust and healthy orchid from a store is the first critical step toward becoming a successful grower. By examining the plant from a botanical perspective, you can assess its current vitality and future potential. Here is a detailed guide on what to look for.
The leaves are primary sites for photosynthesis and are strong indicators of overall plant health. Look for firm, fleshy leaves with a uniform, bright to medium green coloration. Avoid plants with leaves that are limp, yellowing, or have a reddish tint (which can indicate too much light stress). Deep, dark green leaves might suggest the orchid has been kept in insufficient light, which will hinder future blooming. Carefully inspect both the tops and undersides of leaves for signs of pests like scale (bumpy brown or white spots), mealybugs (cotton-like fluff), or spider mites (fine webbing and stippling marks).
Whenever possible, choose an orchid potted in a clear plastic container. This allows for a direct examination of the root system, which is paramount. Healthy orchid roots are thick and silvery-green when dry, turning a vibrant green after watering. They should be firm to the touch. Avoid plants where the majority of roots are brown, mushy, shriveled, or papery—these are signs of rot or severe dehydration. A healthy plant will have roots that appear to fill the pot, with some even venturing out into the air, which is normal for epiphytic orchids like Phalaenopsis.
Examine the plant's base and overall structure. For monopodial orchids like Phalaenopsis (which grow from a single stem), look for a crown that is clean and free of any black or brown mushy areas (crown rot). The lowest leaves may naturally yellow and drop, but there should be a progression of healthy leaves above. For sympodial orchids like Cattleyas or Oncidiums (which grow from horizontal rhizomes), look for plump, firm pseudobulbs. These organs store water and nutrients; wrinkled or shriveled pseudobulbs indicate past stress or insufficient watering.
While the blooms are the most attractive feature, they can also be misleading. Ideally, choose a plant with a majority of buds yet to open rather than one in full, glorious bloom. This ensures a longer display in your home and indicates the plant is still on an upward trend. The existing flowers should be vibrant and free of spots or blemishes. The flower spike itself should be sturdy and predominantly green. Check where the spike emerges from the plant to ensure it is not blackened or rotting. A plant with multiple spikes or a spike with branching potential is a sign of a mature, well-grown specimen.
Gently check the condition of the potting media. It should be loose and free-draining, not compacted or soggy. A sour, musty smell emanating from the pot is a definite warning sign of anaerobic conditions and root decay. Look for signs of algae or moss growing on the surface of the media or the inside of the pot; this can indicate the plant has been kept too wet for too long. Ensure the plant is secure in its pot and not wobbling loosely, which can damage new root tips.
