While both commonly known as "ferns," the Fox Tail Fern and the Asparagus Fern are distinct plants with notable differences. Understanding these variations requires examining their botanical classification, morphology, and growth habits.
The most fundamental difference lies in their scientific classification. The Fox Tail Fern (Asparagus densiflorus 'Myersii') is a cultivar of Asparagus densiflorus. It belongs to the Asparagaceae family, which places it much closer to the edible asparagus (Asparagus officinalis) than to true ferns. True ferns reproduce via spores and belong to the Pteridophyta division. In contrast, the Asparagus Fern produces flowers and seeds. The term "Asparagus Fern" is more of a common name that can cause confusion, as it often refers to several species, but most notably to Asparagus aethiopicus (formerly Asparagus sprengeri). Both the Fox Tail Fern and the common Asparagus Fern (A. aethiopicus) are native to South Africa.
The visual differences between the two plants are pronounced. The Fox Tail Fern is characterized by its upright, plume-like growth. Its stems are erect and arch slightly at the tips, densely covered with bright green, needle-like leaves called cladodes. These cladodes are actually modified stems that perform photosynthesis. The overall effect is a compact, cylindrical "fox tail" that is very symmetrical and orderly.
The Asparagus Fern (A. aethiopicus) has a much more cascading or trailing habit. Its stems are long, thin, and vine-like, often growing several feet long. The cladodes on this species are arranged in a more open, triangular fashion along the stems, creating a lacy, delicate appearance. This makes it exceptionally well-suited for hanging baskets where its trailing foliage can be displayed. The foliage is generally a slightly lighter green compared to the Fox Tail Fern.
Their growth patterns further distinguish them. The Fox Tail Fern grows in a tight, clumping formation from a central crown. It sends up multiple, individual stems that create a dense, bushy plant. Its root system includes small tubers that store water, helping the plant withstand periods of drought.
The Asparagus Fern (A. aethiopicus) has a more aggressive, spreading habit. It not only produces long, trailing stems but also spreads via underground rhizomes (modified stems). This allows it to form large, dense mats of foliage and can make it invasive in warm, frost-free climates. Its root system also features water-storing tubers, which are often larger and more numerous than those of the Fox Tail Fern, contributing to its resilience.
As members of the angiosperm family Asparagaceae, both plants flower and produce berries, unlike true ferns. The flowers of both are typically small, white or pinkish-white, and bell-shaped. They are often considered inconspicuous. After flowering, both plants produce berries. The Fox Tail Fern's berries are a vibrant red, providing a striking contrast against the green foliage. The Asparagus Fern (A. aethiopicus) also produces red berries. It is important to note that these berries are toxic if ingested by humans or pets.
