Yes, oleander (Nerium oleander) is extremely poisonous. Every part of the plant contains potent cardiac glycosides, primarily oleandrin and neriine. These compounds are highly toxic to humans, pets, and livestock. The plant's toxicity is a natural defense mechanism against herbivores. It is crucial to understand that even small amounts, such as a single leaf ingested by a small child or pet, can be fatal. The sap can also cause severe skin irritation and allergic reactions upon contact.
Oleander is a popular evergreen shrub or small tree, often used in warm-climate landscapes for its drought tolerance and showy, fragrant flowers that bloom in shades of white, pink, red, or yellow. Its leaves are long, narrow, and leathery, typically arranged in pairs or whorls of three along the stem. The flowers are funnel-shaped and appear in clusters at the end of branches. Familiarizing yourself with these characteristics is the first step in ensuring safety, allowing you to identify and manage the plant's presence in your environment.
Given its high toxicity, the safest approach for households with curious children and pets is to avoid planting oleander altogether. Numerous beautiful and non-toxic alternatives can provide similar aesthetic appeal without the inherent danger. If the plant is already established in your garden, consider its removal, especially if your children or pets are prone to exploring with their mouths.
If removal is not an option, implementing robust physical barriers is essential. Install a secure, sturdy fence around the oleander plants to prevent access. For indoor settings, ensure oleander is kept in a room that is completely inaccessible to pets and children, as fallen leaves or flowers still pose a significant risk. Always supervise young children and pets closely when they are in any area where oleander is present.
Recognizing the symptoms of oleander poisoning is critical for a timely response. Symptoms can include nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea, dizziness, irregular heartbeat, and in severe cases, death. In pets, symptoms may also involve drooling, lethargy, and tremors. If you suspect any part of the plant has been ingested, even in small quantities, seek immediate medical or veterinary attention. Do not induce vomiting unless instructed to do so by a professional. Bring a sample of the plant with you to help medical personnel identify the toxin quickly and accurately.
