Yes, oleander (Nerium oleander) is highly poisonous. Every part of the plant contains toxic cardiac glycosides, primarily oleandrin and neriine. These compounds are potent toxins that directly affect the heart. The leaves, flowers, stems, twigs, and even the sap are dangerous. The plant's toxicity is a natural defense mechanism against herbivores, protecting it from being eaten by insects and animals. It is crucial to understand that the plant's beauty belies its dangerous nature, and this toxicity is present in all varieties, regardless of flower color.
Poisoning can occur through several routes. The most common is ingestion, where a child might chew on a leaf or a pet might nibble on a branch. Even a single leaf can be potentially lethal for a small child or animal. Smoke from burning oleander clippings is also toxic and can cause severe respiratory and systemic reactions if inhaled. Furthermore, skin contact with the sap can cause dermatitis, irritation, and allergic reactions in some individuals. Symptoms of oleander poisoning can appear rapidly and include nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea, dizziness, irregular heartbeat, and, in severe cases, can progress to seizures, coma, and even death.
Given the plant's extreme toxicity, the safest measure is to not plant oleander in a garden accessible to pets or young children. If the plant is already present, consider its removal, especially if it is in a high-traffic area. If removal is not an option, ensure the plant is placed behind a secure, physical barrier, such as a sturdy fence, that prevents any access. Always supervise children and pets closely when they are in any area where oleander is growing. Immediately clean up any fallen leaves, flowers, or branches to prevent them from being picked up or chewed on.
If you suspect any ingestion or significant contact, seek immediate professional medical or veterinary attention. Do not wait for symptoms to appear. Time is critical. Contact poison control or an emergency vet immediately. Be prepared to identify the plant (know its name) and, if possible, estimate the amount ingested. Do not induce vomiting unless specifically instructed to do so by a medical professional, as this can sometimes cause additional harm. Quick intervention is vital for a positive outcome.
