From my perspective as a cactus, winter is a time of profound rest. The shorter days and lower light levels signal to my internal biological processes that it is time to enter a state of dormancy. My growth ceases entirely. My primary goal during this season is conservation—I must preserve the precious water stored within my tissues to survive the cool temperatures, which dramatically slow down my metabolic activity. Watering me while I am in this dormant, cold state is extremely dangerous. My roots are largely inactive and unable to absorb moisture effectively. Any excess water sitting in the soil will not be taken up and will instead make the potting mix cold and soggy, creating the perfect environment for root rot to set in. This is my greatest threat during winter.
Therefore, my watering needs in winter are minimal to non-existent. If I am kept in a cool environment (ideally between 35-55°F or 2-13°C), I require no water at all for the entire season. The combination of cool temps and damp soil is fatal. If I am in a consistently warm and very sunny indoor location, my dormancy might be less deep. In this case, you should check my soil moisture. Only if I am completely bone dry for an extended period, and my body appears to be slightly shriveling, should I be given a very small, sparing drink of water. Deep watering is to be absolutely avoided. The keyword for my winter care is neglect.
Summer is my time to thrive. The long, bright days and warm temperatures activate my metabolism, and I enter my active growth phase. I am actively photosynthesizing, and I may even be preparing to flower. This period of vigorous activity means I am using my stored water reserves and nutrients at a much higher rate. My roots are seeking out moisture and nutrients from the soil to support this new growth. Unlike in winter, I am eager and able to drink.
My summer watering schedule should be generous but infrequent. The goal is to mimic the rare but heavy desert downpours I am adapted to. You should only water me when my soil is completely dry. To check, feel the soil through the drainage hole at the bottom of my pot. When it is time, provide a thorough, deep watering until excess water flows freely from the drainage holes. This ensures that my entire root system has access to moisture. It is then crucial to let me drain completely and allow the soil to dry out fully again before the next watering. This cycle of soak-and-dry promotes healthy root growth and prevents rot. The frequency will depend on factors like heat, sunlight, and pot size, but it could range from every 10 days to every 4 weeks.
The absolute key to understanding my needs is respecting my dormancy cycle. Watering should not be based on the calendar month but on my physiological state, which is dictated by light and temperature. I need abundant water and light when I am growing in summer, and I need absolute dryness and cool conditions when I am resting in winter. Aligning your care with this natural cycle is what allows me to remain healthy and flourish for years to come.
