Schefflera actinophylla and Schefflera arboricola are two popular ornamental plants, often confused due to their similar common names and leaf structure. However, they are distinct species with several key differences observable in their morphology, growth habits, and environmental preferences.
The most striking difference lies in their leaves. Both species possess palmately compound leaves, but the Schefflera actinophylla (commonly known as the Umbrella Tree) typically has fewer, larger leaflets. A single leaf is composed of 7 to 16 leaflets, each measuring 12 inches (30 cm) or more in length. In contrast, Schefflera arboricola (Dwarf Umbrella Tree) features smaller, more numerous leaflets. Each leaf usually consists of 7 to 9, and sometimes up to 11, leaflets, each only 4 to 6 inches (10-15 cm) long. The leaves of S. arboricola are also notably denser on the stems, creating a bushier appearance.
Their growth habits and mature sizes are vastly different, which is a primary factor in their horticultural use. Schefflera actinophylla is a large, fast-growing tree. In its native outdoor environment in Australia and New Guinea, it can reach heights of 40 to 50 feet (12-15 meters). Even as a container plant indoors, it can quickly grow to touch the ceiling. Schefflera arboricola is a smaller, more compact, and shrubby plant. Outdoors, it may reach 10 to 15 feet (3-4.5 meters), but as a houseplant, it is easily maintained at a manageable size of 4 to 6 feet (1.2-1.8 meters) through pruning, making it far more suitable for indoor cultivation.
The two species produce very different flowers and fruit. Schefflera actinophylla is known for its spectacular, showy inflorescence. It produces long, radiating racemes (like tentacles) that can be 2 feet (0.6 meters) long, covered in small red flowers. This is the feature that earns it the alternative common name "Octopus Tree." These flowers are followed by small dark red fruit. Schefflera arboricola also flowers, but its inflorescence is a much smaller, less conspicuous panicle. The flowers are typically white or pink-tinged and are followed by orange drupes (stone fruit) that mature to a black color. It is rare for the dwarf species to flower indoors.
Schefflera arboricola has been the subject of significant cultivar development, particularly for leaf variegation. Popular cultivars like 'Gold Capella', 'Trinette', and 'Janine' feature striking yellow or cream-colored patterns on their leaves. This has made the dwarf species exceptionally popular in the horticultural trade. While Schefflera actinophylla may have some minor variegated forms, they are not nearly as common or commercially widespread as those of its smaller cousin.
While both prefer bright, indirect light and well-draining soil, their cold hardiness differs. Schefflera actinophylla is less cold-tolerant, suited for USDA hardiness zones 10 to 12. It will suffer damage if temperatures drop below 35°F (1.5°C). Schefflera arboricola is slightly more resilient, able to withstand brief periods of colder weather and is hardy in zones 9b to 12. This makes it a more versatile option for outdoor landscaping in marginally warmer temperate regions.
