Lithops, often called living stones, are fascinating succulent plants that have evolved a unique survival strategy in their harsh native habitats of southern Africa. To truly understand their dormancy cycles, one must see the world from their perspective, through their highly specialized leaves and roots. Their care is not about a calendar but about interpreting their growth phases, which are triggered by environmental cues like daylight duration and temperature.
From our perspective, summer is a time of growth, but for Lithops, it is a period of intense heat and drought where active growth is perilous. During this time, the plant enters a state of dormancy to conserve precious water and energy. The old leaf pair, which has been supplying nutrients to the new body forming inside, will have completely withered away. The plant's metabolism slows to a near standstill. It is crucial to understand that watering a Lithops during its summer dormancy, when it is not equipped to absorb moisture, can lead to catastrophic rot, as the plant's roots are inactive and its cells are not prepared for hydration.
As daylight hours shorten and temperatures cool in autumn, this signals to the Lithops that the threatening heat has passed and the milder, moister season is approaching. This is when the plant breaks its dormancy and begins its most active growth period, though this activity is largely hidden from view. The plant will absorb moisture and nutrients through its reactivated root system. All the energy is directed inward to the development of the new leaf pair that is growing inside the existing body. You may notice the old body beginning to split at the fissure as the new leaves push their way out.
Your care should mimic the arid conditions the plant expects. Withhold water entirely during the peak of summer heat. The plant is living off the water stored in its leaves. Ensure it is in a location with very bright, indirect light and excellent airflow to help keep it cool. Protection from intense, direct afternoon sun is advisable to prevent scorching, as the dormant plant is more vulnerable. The primary rule is: when in doubt, do not water.
This is the time when careful watering is permissible and necessary. Wait until the old leaf pair has fully dried into a papery sheath and the new leaves are clearly visible. Then, you can begin to water lightly, allowing the soil to dry out completely between waterings. The goal is to encourage root growth without oversaturating the plant. Provide the brightest light possible, such as a south-facing window or a strong grow light, to ensure the new growth remains compact and healthy. This watering period typically tapers off in late winter as the plant prepares for its flowering cycle (if it is mature enough) and the subsequent slow down before the next summer dormancy.