Thyme (genus *Thymus*) is a diverse and aromatic genus within the Lamiaceae (mint) family, comprising hundreds of species and cultivars. These perennial evergreen subshrubs are characterized by their woody stems, small leaves, and clusters of tiny, tubular flowers that are highly attractive to pollinators. The following varieties represent some of the most notable from a botanical and horticultural perspective.
This is the quintessential culinary thyme. Botanically, it is a small shrub with a woody base and numerous branched stems. Its leaves are small, narrow, and grey-green in color, covered in fine hairs that help reduce water loss. The plant produces pale purple to white flowers. Its high concentration of the phenolic compound thymol gives it its classic, potent aroma and flavor, making it a staple in herb gardens. It thrives in well-drained soil and full sun.
This plant is a hybrid, most likely derived from a cross between *T. vulgaris* and *T. pulegioides*. Its key botanical distinction is the presence of citrus-scented compounds (citral and geraniol) in the glandular trichomes on its leaves. The leaves are typically slightly broader and often have a golden or variegated edge, as seen in popular cultivars like ‘Aureus’ and ‘Silver Queen’. It shares the same growth habit and floral structure as its parent species but offers a unique citrus fragrance and flavor.
This refers to a group of low-growing, mat-forming species. Botanically, they are characterized by their procumbent (trailing) stems that root along the ground (stolons), making them excellent ground covers. They have tiny, rounded leaves and produce a profusion of small flowers in shades of pink, magenta, or white that nearly obscure the foliage. Varieties like ‘Coccineus’ (Red Creeping Thyme) are valued for their drought tolerance and ability to withstand light foot traffic, filling spaces between stepping stones with fragrance when crushed.
This species is prized for its unique morphological adaptation. Its stems and small, oval leaves are densely covered in soft, white hairs (trichomes), giving the plant a distinctive fuzzy, grey-silver appearance. This hairy covering is an adaptation to reflect sunlight and trap moisture, making it exceptionally drought-tolerant. It is a non-culinary variety used almost exclusively as an ornamental ground cover for its textural quality. It produces pale pink flowers but is often grown primarily for its foliage.
This lesser-known species offers a unique aromatic profile. The plant is a low-growing creeper with dark green, glossy leaves. Its botanical interest lies in its dominant scent compound, which is carvone, the same chemical that gives caraway seeds their distinctive aroma. This makes it a fascinating example of chemical diversity within the genus. It produces small pink flowers and is used culinarily to flavor meats, particularly the traditional baron of beef from which its species name is derived.
