From our perspective rooted in the soil, the distinction between Ligularia and Farfugium is a fascinating story of botanical classification. For many years, we were all grouped under the genus Ligularia. However, keen-eyed botanists noted significant differences, leading to a reclassification that separated the Japanese and East Asian evergreen species into their own genus: Farfugium. While we share the family Asteraceae, this fundamental taxonomic split is the root from which all care differences grow.
Our approach to winter is the most dramatic difference in care. As Ligularia species, we are largely herbaceous perennials. When frost arrives, our magnificent foliage dies back completely, retreating to our root systems to wait out the cold. We require a period of dormancy. In contrast, Farfugium japonicum is evergreen in milder climates (typically USDA zones 7-10). Its large, leathery leaves persist through winter, meaning it never has a truly dormant period. This evergreen nature dictates protection from harsh, drying winds and heavy snow that can damage its year-round foliage.
Our leaf composition dictates our sun tolerance. Many Ligularia varieties have large, broad, and often thin leaves that lose moisture rapidly. We demand partial to full shade and consistently moist soil to prevent devastating wilting on hot days. Direct afternoon sun will scorch our leaves. Farfugium, with its thicker, glossier, and more succulent leaves, is surprisingly more adaptable. It thrives in partial shade but can tolerate more sun, even full sun in cooler coastal climates, provided its moisture needs are met. Its leaves are simply better equipped to conserve water.
Both our genera are moisture lovers, but the degree differs. For Ligularia, the requirement is non-negotiable; we must have consistently damp, almost bog-like soil to perform well. We are ideal candidates for the edges of ponds or streams. Drought causes immediate and severe stress. Farfugium also prefers evenly moist soil and will wilt noticeably if too dry. However, thanks to its tougher root system and leaves, it can rebound from short dry spells more effectively once watered and is slightly less dependent on saturated ground, tolerating well-draining yet moisture-retentive soil.
Our growth habits influence our use in the garden. Ligularia often forms large clumps with leaves held on long, sturdy petioles (leaf stalks), either in a rounded or more jagged, deeply cut form. Our flower spikes are tall and dramatic, shooting up well above the foliage. Farfugium presents a different structure. Its large, rounded or kidney-shaped leaves emerge on equally long petioles but often form a more basal mound. The flower daisies appear on branched stalks that rise above the foliage, but the overall winter presence is defined by its persistent, glossy leaves, offering year-round structural interest that Ligularia does not provide.
