Bleeding Heart (Lamprocapnos spectabilis, formerly Dicentra spectabilis) is a classic perennial plant prized for its arching stems of uniquely heart-shaped flowers. From a botanical and horticultural perspective, its use as a cut flower presents a specific set of characteristics that must be understood and managed for a successful display.
When a Bleeding Heart stem is cut, the plant's vascular system, specifically the xylem vessels responsible for water transport, is severed. This immediately triggers a wound response. Air can be drawn into the xylem, forming embolisms that block water flow, a primary cause of wilting. The stems of Bleeding Hearts are herbaceous and hollow, making them particularly susceptible to this rapid dehydration. Furthermore, the cut stem will often exude sap, which can coagulate and further seal the cut end, preventing water absorption. This is why immediate and proper conditioning after cutting is absolutely critical for this species.
The individual flowers on a Bleeding Heart raceme have a relatively short life cycle, naturally progressing from bud to open flower to senescence. As a cut flower, the entire inflorescence can be expected to last between 5 to 7 days under ideal conditions, though individual hearts may drop sooner. The plant is considered moderately sensitive to ethylene gas, a natural plant hormone that accelerates aging and abscission (the dropping of flowers and leaves). Exposure to ethylene from sources like ripening fruit, vehicle exhaust, or wilting foliage itself will significantly shorten its vase life, causing flowers to drop prematurely and leaves to yellow.
To maximize the display time, the stage at which the stem is harvested is paramount. The ideal time to cut Bleeding Heart stems is when the majority of the flowers on the raceme are fully developed and open. The distinctive pink and white hearts should be plump and turgid. Cutting stems that are too immature, with only tight buds, may result in buds that fail to open properly once separated from the plant's energy source. Conversely, cutting stems where the flowers are already beginning to senesce will result in a very short display. Always harvest in the coolest part of the day, typically early morning, when the plant is fully hydrated.
Immediate and correct conditioning is the most important factor for success. Upon cutting, place stems directly into a bucket of clean, lukewarm water. To combat the issue of blocked xylem, recut the stems under water (a process known as hydraulic conditioning). This prevents air from being drawn into the vascular system. Using sharp, clean shears, make a diagonal cut about an inch from the base while the stem is submerged. Some florists also briefly sear the very tip of the cut end with a flame or dip it in boiling water for 5-10 seconds to cauterize the wound and prevent excessive sap flow, which can then be followed by a fresh underwater cut before arranging. Use a commercial floral preservative; the sugar provides energy, the biocide inhibits harmful bacteria, and the acidifier improves water uptake.
