This is the quintessential and most widely recognized species, often simply called "Bird of Paradise." It is characterized by its iconic, crane-like flowers that emerge from a hard, beak-like spathe. The blooms are a stunning combination of vibrant orange and deep blue petals. As a plant, Strelitzia reginae is a clump-forming perennial with long, sturdy petioles that support large, oblong, leathery leaves which are grey-green in colour. This species is relatively compact for a Strelitzia, typically reaching heights of 4 to 6 feet (1.2 to 1.8 meters) when grown in containers, making it the most suitable for indoor cultivation. It thrives in bright, direct light and requires well-draining soil. While it can tolerate some neglect, consistent watering during the growing season promotes better flowering.
Often mistaken for a banana plant due to its massive form, Strelitzia nicolai is a dramatic architectural species. It grows as a tree-like clump with woody stems and can reach immense proportions outdoors (over 20 feet tall), though container growth will significantly restrict its size. Its leaves are enormous, paddle-shaped, and can be over 6 feet long on a mature plant, borne on equally long, sturdy petioles. The flowers are equally impressive but less common indoors; they consist of a blue and white inflorescence emerging from a dark blue-purple bract. For home growers, this species is a statement piece that requires substantial space, very bright light (even some direct sun), and protection from strong winds which can tear its large leaves.
This is a highly sought-after and distinctive species prized for its unique foliage. Over many years, Strelitzia juncea develops a similar clumping habit to S. reginae, but its leaves are entirely different. They lack a leaf blade, instead consisting of cylindrical, reed-like petioles that are grey-green and can grow several feet tall. This gives the plant a very sculptural, spiky appearance. It produces a similar orange and blue flower to S. reginae, creating a striking contrast against its unusual foliage. It is a very drought-tolerant species once established but is notoriously slow-growing. Its rarity and unique form make it a special challenge for dedicated home growers who have patience.
This species is often confused with Strelitzia nicolai but is a separate botanical entity. Strelitzia alba is also a large, tree-like species but is generally less common in cultivation. It can be distinguished by its entirely white flowers and the absence of a woody stem at its base when young, though it develops one with age. Its leaves are a deep, glossy green without the greyish tinge sometimes found on S. nicolai. Like its giant cousin, it requires ample space and bright light to thrive and is unlikely to flower in a typical home environment due to its size and light requirements.
This is the rarest species in cultivation and is not typically grown as a houseplant. Native to mountainous regions, it is a tree-like species that can grow over 15 feet tall. Its key identifying feature is its leaves, which have a distinct red midrib and are held on a tall, bare trunk. The bract of its flower is a pinkish-red colour, housing white and blue petals. Due to its specific habitat requirements, large size, and extreme rarity in the horticultural trade, Strelitzia caudata is not a practical choice for the vast majority of home growers and is primarily of botanical interest.
