From our perspective as daylilies (*Hemerocallis*), the act of division is not a simple gardening chore; it is a vital rejuvenation process that directly addresses our fundamental needs for space, nutrients, and long-term vitality. When done correctly, it allows us to thrive and multiply for many more seasons. Here is a detailed explanation of why and how this process benefits us.
Our growth habit is clump-forming, and we reproduce by developing new "fans" (a unit of leaves, crown, and roots) from our crown. Over time, typically every three to five years, the original single plant can expand into a dense, congested mass. This intense crowding creates severe competition underground. Our root systems become entangled, fiercely fighting for limited water and essential soil nutrients. This struggle for resources weakens us, making us more susceptible to pests and diseases. Furthermore, the dense center of an old clump often dies out, which is energy we can no longer use for growth and flowering. Division alleviates this intense competition, giving each new section ample room to establish a robust root system.
The best time to undertake this process is when we are in our natural dormant or slow-growth phases. The ideal window is in early spring, just as our new green shoots (or "fans") begin to emerge from the ground, or in late summer to early fall, after our main flowering period has concluded. During these times, our energy is focused on root development rather than supporting lush foliage or producing blooms. The cooler temperatures and typically more reliable moisture also reduce the transplant shock, allowing us to dedicate our energy to re-establishing ourselves in the soil without the added stress of extreme heat.
To begin, carefully lift our entire clump from the ground using a spade or garden fork, taking care to minimize damage to our fleshy roots. Gently shake or wash off the excess soil so you can clearly see the structure of our crown and the points where the individual fans connect. Using your hands, two digging forks placed back-to-back in the clump, or a sharp, sterilized knife, gently tease or cut the clump apart into smaller sections. Each new division should ideally have at least two or three healthy fans and a good portion of our white, thick roots attached. Any dead, rotten, or excessively long roots can be trimmed away at this time.
Immediately after division, it is crucial to replant us without delay. Prepare the new planting hole, ensuring it is wide and deep enough to accommodate our root system without bending or crowding. Create a small mound of soil in the center of the hole and spread our roots over it. The crown (where the roots and leaves meet) should be planted no deeper than one inch below the soil surface. Water us deeply and thoroughly immediately after planting to settle the soil around our roots and eliminate air pockets. Consistent moisture for the first several weeks is critical as we work to regenerate our root systems and become firmly established in our new, spacious home.
