Passion flower, belonging to the large genus Passiflora, encompasses over 500 species of mostly vines, along with some shrubs and trees. They are renowned for their intricate, striking flowers and edible fruits in many species, such as the passionfruit (Passiflora edulis). The plant contains various chemical compounds as part of its natural defense mechanism against herbivores. These include cyanogenic glycosides, which have the potential to release cyanide, and alkaloids, which are nitrogen-containing compounds that can have physiological effects on animals. The concentration of these compounds can vary significantly between different Passiflora species and even between different parts of the same plant.
According to the American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (ASPCA), passion flower is listed on their toxic plant list for both dogs and cats. The primary toxic agents are the cyanogenic glycosides. However, the plant is generally considered to be mild to moderately toxic. This means that while ingestion is not typically expected to be life-threatening, it can certainly cause significant discomfort and unpleasant clinical symptoms. The level of toxicity is often dose-dependent, meaning a small nibble may cause no issues, while consuming a larger amount of plant material increases the risk of a toxic reaction.
If a cat or dog ingests a concerning amount of passion flower, the cyanogenic glycosides can cause gastrointestinal upset and other symptoms. Pet owners should be vigilant for signs including vomiting, diarrhea, and nausea, which are the most common reactions. Additionally, the plant's other compounds may contribute to more concerning neurological symptoms. These can include drowsiness or lethargy, uncoordinated movement (ataxia), and in rare cases with significant ingestion, more severe effects. The onset of symptoms is typically relatively rapid after ingestion.
Given its classification as a toxic plant, the safest approach for pet owners is to prevent access entirely. If you have a passion vine indoors or in your garden, ensure it is placed in an area completely inaccessible to your pets, such as a high hanging basket or a fenced-off section of the yard. It is crucial to be able to identify the plant accurately; the unique, complex structure of the passion flower makes it fairly distinctive. If you suspect your pet has ingested any part of the plant, it is important to remain calm. Immediately contact your veterinarian or an animal poison control center for specific guidance, being prepared to describe the plant and estimate how much your pet may have consumed.
