Paeonia lactiflora, along with other herbaceous (non-woody) peony varieties, is not considered a reliably deer-resistant plant. From a botanical perspective, deer are opportunistic browsers, and while peonies are not their first choice, they will readily consume them, especially in areas with high deer populations or during periods of scarce natural food sources, such as late winter and early spring. The emerging red shoots of peonies in spring are particularly tender and attractive to hungry deer.
Although not deer-proof, Paeonia lactiflora does possess some physical and chemical traits that offer a degree of protection and make them less palatable than many other garden plants. Their primary defense is their toxicity. Peonies contain paeonol and other compounds that are toxic to many animals, including deer, dogs, and cats. Ingesting large quantities can cause gastrointestinal distress. This inherent toxicity often causes deer to sample a plant and then move on, avoiding a second helping. However, a single sampling can be enough to destroy a season's blooms.
Furthermore, the physical structure of the mature plant provides some deterrence. The foliage and stems are somewhat tough and coarse compared to more preferred hosts like hostas, daylilies, or roses. The texture is not as appealing to a deer's palate. The flower buds are also protected by a sticky, sap-like substance, which can be an additional minor deterrent. It is important to note that these defenses are not absolute and are most effective on well-established plants; young, newly planted peonies with tender growth are far more vulnerable.
When planning a garden in deer country, it is helpful to understand where Paeonia lactiflora falls on the spectrum of deer preference. They are more resistant than many classic "deer candy" plants but far less resistant than plants with strong fragrances, fuzzy leaves, or leathery textures that deer actively dislike, such as lavender, sage, lamb's ear, or daffodils. A deer will often bypass a peony if more desirable food is available but will turn to it once those preferred options are depleted. Therefore, while not their favorite meal, peonies cannot be depended upon to survive unprotected in a garden frequented by deer.
To successfully grow Paeonia lactiflora in deer-prone areas, an integrated approach is necessary. The most effective method is physical exclusion. This can be achieved using deer fencing, which is the only guaranteed solution, or individual plant protectors like wire cages around the plants, especially during the vulnerable early spring period.
Repellents can also be a useful tool. These products work by emitting an odor that deer find offensive (e.g., putrescent egg solids, garlic, or blood meal) or by tasting unpleasant. It is crucial to rotate repellent types periodically to prevent deer from becoming accustomed to them, and they must be reapplied frequently, especially after rain. Finally, strategic planting can offer some protection. Situating peonies close to a house or patio where there is more human activity can deter deer, who are naturally wary. Interplanting them with highly fragrant, deer-resistant herbs like lavender, Russian sage, or catmint can also help to mask the scent of the peonies and create a less appealing buffet overall.
