From the perspective of your Fiddle Leaf Fig (*Ficus lyrata*), the appearance of small red spots or edging on its leaves is a physiological response to its environment and internal state. These discolorations are often a form of anthocyanin pigmentation, a compound plants produce for various protective reasons. It is a sign that the plant is actively reacting to its conditions, which can range from benign to concerning.
This is the most common cause of small red or rust-colored spots, particularly on the undersides of new, tender leaves. Edema occurs when the plant's roots absorb water faster than the leaves can transpire (release) it. This excess water pressure causes cells to swell and burst, leading to these characteristic corky, blotchy spots. From the plant's viewpoint, it is a physical injury caused by an imbalance in its water pressure system. It is not a fungal or bacterial disease but can create points of entry for pathogens if severe. The condition often resolves itself as the leaf matures and hardens, but consistent overwatering will exacerbate the issue.
Your Fiddle Leaf Fig may develop red or pinkish edges or tinges on its leaves, especially new growth, as a reaction to light intensity. This is often the plant's production of anthocyanins, which act as a "sunscreen" to protect delicate leaf tissues from potentially damaging ultraviolet (UV) rays. A small amount of this red edging on new leaves that later fade to green is a normal and healthy protective measure. However, if the plant is suddenly moved to intensely bright, direct sunlight, the red spots or edges may be a precursor to actual sun scorch, which will manifest as crispy, brown, and white patches. The plant is essentially signaling that it is receiving light at the upper limit of its tolerance.
The appearance of red spots can sometimes be linked to the plant's nutrient intake. A deficiency in certain nutrients, particularly phosphorus, can cause a purplish or reddish discoloration on the leaves and stems. Phosphorus is vital for energy transfer and storage within the plant. If it is lacking, these metabolic processes are disrupted, and anthocyanin pigments become more visible. Conversely, an overabundance of fertilizer (especially quick-release formulas) can cause a salt buildup in the soil, which can "burn" the roots, impair their function, and lead to stressed leaf tissue that may display reddish spots or brown, crispy edges.
While less common for causing specifically red spots, a significant infestation of sucking pests like spider mites or thrips can cause general leaf stress and damage. These pests pierce the leaf surface and feed on the plant's sap, creating tiny wounds. The plant's subsequent stress response and the physical damage from feeding can sometimes manifest as small reddish or rusty speckling, often combined with a silvery sheen or yellowing. The plant is attempting to compartmentalize the numerous tiny injuries.
Finally, the plant may display red spots as a simple bruise. *Ficus lyrata* has delicate leaf tissue. Rough handling during transportation, brushing against it frequently, or even the new leaf unfurling against another object can cause minor physical damage to the cells. This bruising can appear as small red or brown spots where the cellular structure was compromised. The plant seals off these areas, and while the mark may remain, it is usually not a threat to the plant's overall health if the cause is removed.
