We are in a state of complete dormancy. Our metabolic processes have slowed to a near halt to conserve energy and protect ourselves from freezing temperatures. This is the ideal time for our caretakers to perform major structural pruning on dormant varieties, as we cannot feel the cuts and will not bleed sap. It is also a perfect window to check our support structures and ensure mulch is adequately protecting our root zones from freeze-thaw cycles that can heave us from the ground.
As daylight increases and soil temperatures begin a very slow rise, a subtle shift occurs within us. Sap starts to flow upwards from our roots. In warmer zones, our buds may begin to swell, showing the first hint of green or red. This is the critical time for final pruning before we break dormancy fully. Applying a balanced, slow-release fertilizer now will provide the essential nutrients we need to fuel the explosive growth that is about to commence.
This is our season of peak performance! We channel all our stored energy into producing lush new canes and foliage. Soon, the first magnificent blooms (the "first flush") will emerge. We are voraciously consuming water and nutrients from the soil. Consistent moisture is crucial, but our roots despise waterlogged conditions. A layer of organic mulch will help retain that moisture and suppress weeds that compete with us for resources. Begin a vigilant watch for aphids, who are also attracted to our tender new growth.
The summer sun fuels our continued growth and repeated bloom cycles. However, intense heat and potential drought put significant stress on our systems. Deep, infrequent watering is far superior to frequent shallow sprinkles, as it encourages our roots to grow deeper into the cooler soil. We appreciate a mid-summer application of fertilizer to replenish our strength after the first bloom cycle. In the hottest zones, we may enter a semi-dormant state to conserve energy; please understand if our blooms are less prolific.
As the oppressive heat breaks, we experience a glorious renaissance. The cooler temperatures and warm soil are ideal for root development. We often produce our finest blooms of the year during this period. This is an excellent time for planting new rose bushes, as we can establish strong roots without the stress of summer heat. Cease fertilizing to allow us to gradually harden off our new growth and prepare for dormancy.
Our growth slows significantly as daylight wanes and temperatures drop. We begin to withdraw energy back into our core and root system. The goal is not to promote new growth but to protect existing structures. A final cleanup of fallen leaves around our base helps prevent fungal spores from overwintering. In colder zones, we require a generous mound of mulch, compost, or soil piled over our graft union to insulate us from killing frosts. We are settling in for our long winter's nap.
