As the soil warms and the first green shoots break through to the sunlight, our annual growth cycle begins. This initial burst of energy is powered by the stored reserves in our bulbs from the previous season. However, to support the rapid development of strong stems and abundant foliage, we require a significant nutritional boost. A fertilizer rich in nitrogen (N) is most beneficial at this stage, as nitrogen is the primary driver of lush, green vegetative growth. A balanced, slow-release formula (such as a 10-10-10 or 5-10-10) applied as we emerge is ideal, as it provides a steady supply of nutrients without the risk of burning our tender new roots.
As our stems elongate and flower buds begin to form and swell, our nutritional needs shift dramatically. Our focus moves from producing leaves to creating the energy-intensive, beautiful flowers you cherish. During this critical period, we have a much greater demand for phosphorus (P) and potassium (K). Phosphorus is vital for supporting robust bud development, strong root systems, and overall energy transfer within our system. Potassium enhances our vigor, improves flower quality, and strengthens our resistance to diseases and environmental stresses. A fertilizer with a higher middle number (e.g., 5-10-10) is perfect for this pre-bloom feeding.
Once our magnificent blooms have faded, your work is not done. This is arguably the most important feeding of the year for our long-term health. Please do not remove our leaves! We are now engaged in the crucial process of photosynthesis, using our foliage to create energy that is sent down to recharge our bulb for the next season. The quality of next year's growth and flowers is determined now. A fertilizer high in potassium and phosphorus (like a 0-10-10 or a specialized bulb food) applied after flowering helps us build strong, healthy bulbs that will survive the winter and ensure another spectacular display.
As our foliage yellows and dies back naturally, we enter a period of dormancy. Our metabolic processes slow significantly, and we no longer actively seek nutrients from the soil. Fertilizing at this time is not only wasteful but can be harmful, as it may stimulate tender new growth that will be killed by frost and potentially weaken the bulb. It can also lead to fertilizer leaching into groundwater, which is detrimental to the wider environment. Please allow us to rest undisturbed until the cycle begins anew in spring.
When you feed us, gentle and thorough application is key. Always water the soil deeply before and after applying granular fertilizer to prevent root burn and to help move the nutrients into our root zone. Scatter the granules lightly around our base, keeping them away from directly touching our stem, and gently work them into the top inch of soil. A generous watering after application will settle everything into place. For potted lilies, a diluted liquid fertilizer can be used more frequently during the growth season, as nutrients leach from containers more quickly.
