From a botanical perspective, the terms "daffodil" and "narcissus" are intrinsically linked but not precisely identical. All daffodils are narcissus, but not all narcissus are colloquially called daffodils. The entire group belongs to the genus Narcissus, which is part of the Amaryllidaceae family. This genus encompasses a wide range of species and hybrids. Therefore, "Narcissus" is the correct scientific name for the entire genus, making it the broader, more formal term.
The common name "daffodil" is most frequently used to refer to the larger-flowered, trumpet-bearing varieties within the genus, particularly those derived from Narcissus pseudonarcissus. In many regions, especially in North America, "daffodil" has become the default term for these familiar garden plants. The word "narcissus," while still scientifically accurate, is often used more specifically to describe the smaller, cluster-flowered varieties (such as Narcissus tazetta paperwhites) or is employed in more formal or horticultural contexts. This distinction is one of common language rather than botanical science.
Horticultural societies have worked to clarify this terminology. The American Daffodil Society states that the two words are essentially synonymous. They endorse using the word "daffodil" for the entire genus in informal settings. For official classification and registration, however, the Latin name Narcissus is exclusively used. This highlights the practical compromise where "daffodil" is an acceptable common name for all members of the genus, while "narcissus" remains the unassailable scientific designation.
The genus Narcissus is divided into 13 divisions by the Royal Horticultural Society (RHS) classification system, which helps illustrate the diversity within the genus and why a single common name is insufficient. Division 1, for example, consists of Trumpet Daffodils, which most people would instantly call daffodils. Division 8, on the other hand, includes the Tazetta narcissus, known for their multiple small, fragrant flowers per stem, which many would call "paperwhites" or simply "narcissus." This official division system shows that the genus contains plants with significantly different forms, all sharing the same botanical name.
