The leaves of bamboos and cypresses are opposite and leathery. The shape of the leaves is long ovate, lanceolate or ovate lanceolate. The leaves have many parallel veinlets, no midvein, about 3.5 to 9 cm long and 1.5 to 2.5 cm wide. The upper part of the leaves is dark green and shiny, the lower part is light green, and the base part is wedge or wide wedge.
The leaves of P. arvensis are spirally shaped, strip lanceolate, slightly curved, about 7 to 12 cm long, with sharp apex and wedge-shaped base.
The male bulbils of bamboos are usually in the axils of leaves, usually branched, growing about 1.8 to 2.5 cm, with short and thick total peduncles and a few triangular bracts at the base.
Male cones of Podocarpus are spicate, axillary, usually 3 to 5 clusters on a very short stalk, growing about 3 to 5 cm.
