Lilies (genus Lilium) require balanced nutrition to thrive, including macronutrients like nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K), as well as secondary nutrients (calcium, magnesium) and micronutrients (iron, zinc). Nitrogen supports leafy growth, phosphorus strengthens roots and blooms, while potassium enhances overall plant health. Organic matter in soil also improves moisture retention and microbial activity, benefiting lilies.
Organic fertilizers release nutrients slowly, improving soil structure and minimizing root burn. Ideal options include:
Compost: Rich in humus, compost provides a balanced nutrient mix. Apply a 2–3 inch layer around lilies in early spring.
Well-Aged Manure: Cow or poultry manure (aged 6+ months) supplies nitrogen and phosphorus. Mix into soil before planting or top-dress in spring.
Bone Meal: High in phosphorus (3-15-0), bone meal promotes root and flower development. Sprinkle 1–2 tbsp per bulb at planting.
Fish Emulsion: A fast-acting liquid (5-1-1) for foliar feeding. Dilute as directed and apply every 3–4 weeks during growth.
Kelp Meal: Provides potassium and trace minerals. Incorporate 1–2 cups per square yard into soil.
Synthetic fertilizers offer precise, quick-release nutrients but require careful application to avoid over-fertilization. Recommended choices:
Balanced NPK (10-10-10): A general-purpose granular fertilizer. Apply 1–2 tbsp per plant in early spring and midsummer, watered in thoroughly.
High-Phosphorus Blends (5-10-5): Encourages blooming. Use at half strength during bud formation.
Slow-Release Pellets (14-14-14): Coated granules feed lilies gradually over 3–6 months. Scatter once in spring.
Water-Soluble (20-20-20): For potted lilies, dissolve in water every 2–3 weeks during active growth.
Lilies benefit from fertilization at key growth stages:
Early Spring: Apply a balanced fertilizer as new shoots emerge to support foliage.
Pre-Bloom (Late Spring): Switch to phosphorus-rich formulas to enhance flower production.
Post-Bloom: Light feeding with potassium helps bulbs store energy for the next season.
Always water fertilizers into the soil to prevent root burn, and avoid late-season applications that may spur tender growth vulnerable to frost.
Lilies prefer slightly acidic to neutral soil (pH 6.0–6.5). Test soil pH annually; if acidic, add lime (organic) or sulfur (to lower pH). Proper pH ensures nutrients like iron and phosphorus remain accessible.
Over-fertilizing lilies can cause leaf burn or weak stems. Signs of excess nitrogen include lush foliage with few flowers. For synthetic fertilizers, halve the recommended dose and observe plant response. For organic options, ensure manure is fully composted to prevent salt buildup.
