Lily bulbs are composed of scales, a basal plate, and roots. The scales store nutrients, the basal plate anchors the plant and produces new roots, and the roots absorb water and minerals. Over time, the bulb multiplies by producing smaller bulblets around the basal plate. Dividing these bulblets allows for propagation and healthier growth, as overcrowding can reduce flowering.
The best time to divide lily bulbs is in late autumn or early spring when the plant is dormant. In autumn, wait until the foliage has yellowed and died back. In spring, divide before new growth emerges. This timing minimizes stress on the plant and allows the bulbs to establish roots before active growth resumes.
Before digging, water the soil lightly to loosen it. Gently lift the bulbs with a garden fork, taking care not to damage the scales or roots. Brush off excess soil and inspect the bulbs for rot or pests. Healthy bulbs should be firm and free of soft spots. Discard any diseased or damaged bulbs to prevent spreading issues.
Small bulblets often form around the mother bulb. Twist or cut these away, ensuring each has a portion of the basal plate and roots. For scale propagation, remove outer scales by snapping them off at the base. Dust the wounds with fungicide to prevent infection. Scales can be planted separately to grow new bulbs, though this method takes longer.
Choose a sunny or partially shaded location with well-draining soil. Dig holes 2-3 times the bulb’s height (typically 4-6 inches deep). Space bulbs 8-12 inches apart to allow for future growth. Place the bulb upright, cover with soil, and water thoroughly. Mulch lightly to retain moisture and regulate soil temperature.
Keep the soil consistently moist but not waterlogged. Fertilize with a balanced, slow-release fertilizer in early spring. Monitor for pests like aphids or lily beetles. In colder climates, apply a thicker mulch layer in late autumn to protect bulbs from freezing temperatures.
Newly divided bulbs may take a year or two to flower as they focus on root establishment. Avoid cutting foliage until it dies back naturally, as the leaves replenish the bulb’s energy reserves. Stake tall varieties to prevent wind damage. With proper care, divided lilies will thrive and produce vibrant blooms.
