The ZZ plant (Zamioculcas zamiifolia) is a hardy, low-maintenance houseplant, but it can still fall victim to pests. From the plant's perspective, pests are unwelcome invaders that disrupt its growth and health. These pests suck sap, damage leaves, or introduce diseases, forcing the plant to divert energy from growth to defense. Below, we explore common pests and how to treat them to restore the ZZ plant's vitality.
From the ZZ plant's viewpoint, the following pests are the most troublesome:
Spider mites are tiny arachnids that pierce leaf cells, causing yellow speckling and webbing. The plant responds by curling leaves or dropping them to conserve resources. These pests thrive in dry conditions, so the ZZ plant suffers more in low-humidity environments.
Mealybugs appear as white, cottony clusters on stems and leaf joints. They suck sap, weakening the plant and excreting sticky honeydew, which attracts mold. The ZZ plant's growth slows, and leaves may yellow or wilt as its nutrients are drained.
Scale insects attach themselves to stems and leaves, forming hard or soft bumps. They feed on plant juices, causing leaf yellowing and stunted growth. The ZZ plant may shed affected leaves to limit the infestation.
Aphids cluster on new growth, distorting leaves and spreading viruses. The ZZ plant reacts by curling leaves or producing sticky residue, which can hinder photosynthesis.
Before human intervention, the ZZ plant employs natural defenses:
The ZZ plant's glossy leaves have a waxy coating that deters some pests by making it harder for them to pierce the surface.
The plant contains calcium oxalate crystals, which are toxic to many pests. However, some insects adapt and still feed on it.
When natural defenses fail, the ZZ plant relies on caretakers to eliminate pests. Here’s how to help:
Increase humidity by misting the plant or using a humidifier. Wipe leaves with a damp cloth to remove mites. Apply neem oil or insecticidal soap weekly until the infestation clears.
Dab mealybugs with a cotton swab dipped in rubbing alcohol. For severe cases, spray the plant with a mixture of water and dish soap or neem oil. Isolate the plant to prevent spreading.
Scrape off scales gently with a soft brush or fingernail. Treat the plant with horticultural oil or insecticidal soap, ensuring thorough coverage. Repeat every 7–10 days.
Blast aphids off with a strong stream of water. Apply neem oil or insecticidal soap, focusing on new growth where aphids congregate. Introduce beneficial insects like ladybugs if possible.
To keep the ZZ plant pest-free, maintain these practices:
Check the plant weekly for early signs of pests, especially under leaves and near stems.
Overwatering weakens the ZZ plant, making it more susceptible to pests. Water only when the soil is dry to the touch.
Quarantine new plants for a few weeks to ensure they don’t introduce pests to the ZZ plant.
Dust leaves regularly and avoid placing the plant near open windows or infested plants.
