From a plant's perspective, overwatering is like being forced to live in a swamp. Succulents store water in their leaves, stems, or roots, so they don't need frequent watering. When their roots sit in soggy soil for too long, they suffocate due to lack of oxygen, leading to root rot. As a survival mechanism, the plant sheds leaves to reduce water intake and prevent further damage. If the leaves feel mushy or translucent, overwatering is likely the issue.
While succulents are drought-tolerant, they still need water to survive. If the soil is bone-dry for extended periods, the plant will sacrifice older leaves to conserve water for new growth. Dropped leaves due to underwatering are typically dry, crispy, and may curl at the edges. The plant is essentially prioritizing its core survival by shedding expendable parts.
Even if you water correctly, poor drainage can mimic overwatering. Succulents need well-draining soil and pots with drainage holes. Without these, water accumulates around the roots, creating a hostile environment. The plant reacts by dropping leaves to signal distress. From the plant's view, it's like wearing wet socks indefinitely—uncomfortable and harmful.
Succulents thrive in stable conditions. Sudden temperature fluctuations—such as cold drafts or scorching heat—can shock the plant. In extreme cold, cell walls may rupture, causing leaves to drop. In excessive heat, the plant may shed leaves to reduce water loss through transpiration. Think of it as the plant's way of saying, "This environment is unbearable!"
Light is life for succulents, but balance is key. In low light, the plant stretches (etiolation) and drops leaves to redirect energy toward finding sunlight. Conversely, intense direct sunlight can scorch leaves, forcing the plant to shed damaged tissue. The plant's goal is to optimize light absorption while minimizing harm.
Pests like mealybugs, spider mites, or aphids suck sap from leaves, weakening the plant. As a defense, the succulent may drop affected leaves to isolate the infestation. From the plant's perspective, it's a tactical retreat—sacrificing a few leaves to save the whole organism.
Older leaves naturally die off as the plant grows. This is a normal process, not a cause for concern. The plant reallocates nutrients from older leaves to support new growth. If only the bottom leaves are dropping and the rest look healthy, it's simply the circle of life.
Repotting can stress succulents, especially if roots are disturbed. The plant may drop leaves while it focuses energy on re-establishing its root system. Imagine moving to a new house—it takes time to settle in!
