English Lavender, or Lavandula angustifolia, is one of the most popular varieties for home gardens due to its hardiness and sweet fragrance. This compact perennial thrives in USDA zones 5-9 and prefers well-drained soil and full sun. Its narrow, silvery-green leaves and purple-blue flower spikes bloom in early to mid-summer. English Lavender is ideal for borders, hedges, and containers. Notable cultivars include 'Hidcote' (deep purple flowers) and 'Munstead' (lighter purple blooms), both prized for their drought tolerance and low maintenance.
French Lavender (Lavandula dentata) is distinguished by its serrated, gray-green leaves and delicate purple flowers topped with light bracts. Unlike English Lavender, it blooms almost year-round in mild climates (USDA zones 8-11). This variety prefers slightly alkaline soil and tolerates humidity better than other types. However, it is less cold-hardy and may require winter protection in cooler regions. Its long flowering period makes it a favorite for ornamental gardens and potted displays.
Spanish Lavender (Lavandula stoechas) stands out with its unique "rabbit ear" bracts atop dark purple flower heads. Thriving in USDA zones 7-10, it tolerates heat and poor soil but struggles in wet winters. This variety blooms from late spring to early summer and attracts pollinators. Popular cultivars like 'Anouk' (compact growth) and 'Otto Quast' (vibrant blooms) are excellent for rock gardens or coastal landscapes. Note that Spanish Lavender is less aromatic than English varieties but offers striking visual appeal.
Lavandin (Lavandula x intermedia) is a hybrid of English and Portuguese Lavender, known for its robust growth and high essential oil content. Suitable for USDA zones 5-9, it produces long-stemmed flower spikes in midsummer, making it ideal for sachets and crafts. Varieties like 'Grosso' (intense fragrance) and 'Provence' (pale purple flowers) are drought-resistant and thrive in hot, dry conditions. Lavandin plants are larger than English Lavender, requiring more space in the garden.
Portuguese Lavender (Lavandula latifolia), also called Spike Lavender, features broader leaves and a stronger camphor scent. It grows well in USDA zones 6-9 and tolerates poorer soils. Its pale lilac flowers bloom later in summer, providing nectar for bees. While less ornamental than other varieties, it is valued for its medicinal properties and essential oil production. This variety prefers hot, dry climates and may need pruning to maintain shape.
Fernleaf Lavender (Lavandula multifida) is an unusual variety with finely divided, fern-like foliage and vibrant blue-violet flowers. It thrives in USDA zones 8-11 and blooms repeatedly if deadheaded. Unlike most lavenders, it tolerates light shade and moderate humidity. This fast-growing annual or short-lived perennial is perfect for containers or as a temporary filler in garden beds. Its delicate appearance contrasts beautifully with traditional lavender varieties.
