Lithops and Split Rocks (Pleiospilos nelii) are both succulent plants native to southern Africa, belonging to the Aizoaceae family. They are often confused due to their similar appearance, but they exhibit distinct differences in morphology, growth habits, and care requirements. Understanding these differences is essential for proper cultivation and appreciation of these unique plants.
Lithops (Living Stones): Lithops are characterized by their paired, fused leaves that resemble small stones or pebbles. Each plant typically consists of two thick, fleshy leaves with a cleft in the center. The leaves are often camouflaged with patterns and colors that blend into their natural rocky habitats.
Split Rocks: Split Rocks, on the other hand, have a more pronounced division between their leaves, giving them a "split" appearance. They usually feature two to four leaves that are less fused than Lithops. The leaves are thicker and more elongated, with a rougher texture and a bluish-green hue.
Lithops: Lithops follow a strict annual cycle. They produce a new pair of leaves each year, which emerge from the cleft of the old leaves. The old leaves eventually wither and provide nutrients to the new growth. Lithops bloom in autumn, producing daisy-like flowers that emerge from the cleft.
Split Rocks: Split Rocks have a less rigid growth cycle. They can retain multiple pairs of leaves simultaneously, with older leaves persisting for longer periods. Their flowering occurs in late winter to spring, and the flowers are larger and more vibrant than those of Lithops, often appearing in shades of yellow or orange.
Lithops: Lithops are highly drought-tolerant and require minimal watering. Overwatering can lead to rot, especially during their dormant period in summer. Water should only be provided during their active growth phases in autumn and spring.
Split Rocks: Split Rocks are slightly more tolerant of moisture but still require careful watering. They need more frequent hydration during their growing season (spring and autumn) but should be kept dry in winter to prevent rot. Unlike Lithops, they can handle occasional light watering during dormancy.
Lithops: Lithops thrive in bright, direct sunlight and require at least 4-6 hours of sunlight daily. They prefer warm, dry conditions and are sensitive to frost. Insufficient light can cause etiolation (stretching).
Split Rocks: Split Rocks also prefer bright light but can tolerate partial shade. They are more adaptable to varying light conditions but still require ample sunlight to maintain compact growth. Like Lithops, they are not frost-hardy and should be protected from extreme cold.
Lithops: Lithops are primarily propagated from seeds, as division is challenging due to their single-body structure. Seeds germinate easily in well-draining soil and require patience, as growth is slow.
Split Rocks: Split Rocks can be propagated both by seeds and division. Their multi-leaved structure allows for easier separation of offsets, making them more straightforward to propagate vegetatively compared to Lithops.
