Aloe vera is a succulent plant native to arid regions, such as the Arabian Peninsula. It thrives in warm, dry climates with plenty of sunlight. When grown indoors, it’s essential to replicate these conditions as closely as possible. The plant stores water in its thick, fleshy leaves, making it drought-tolerant but sensitive to overwatering. Understanding its natural habitat helps in providing the right care.
Aloe vera prefers well-draining soil to prevent root rot. A cactus or succulent mix is ideal, or you can create your own by combining regular potting soil with sand or perlite. The pot should have drainage holes to allow excess water to escape. Terra cotta pots are excellent because they absorb moisture, reducing the risk of overwatering. Ensure the pot is slightly larger than the root ball to give the plant room to grow.
As a sun-loving plant, aloe vera requires bright, indirect light for at least 6–8 hours daily. Place it near a south- or west-facing window for optimal exposure. Direct sunlight for prolonged periods can scorch the leaves, while too little light causes the plant to become leggy and weak. If natural light is insufficient, consider using a grow light to supplement.
Overwatering is the most common mistake when caring for aloe vera. Water deeply but infrequently, allowing the soil to dry out completely between waterings. In winter, reduce watering to once every 3–4 weeks. Always check the soil moisture by sticking your finger 1–2 inches into the soil; if it feels dry, it’s time to water. Avoid letting the plant sit in standing water, as this can lead to root rot.
Aloe vera prefers temperatures between 55–80°F (13–27°C). It can tolerate occasional dips below this range but should be protected from frost. Indoor humidity levels are usually sufficient, as the plant adapts well to dry air. Avoid placing it near drafts, air conditioners, or heaters, as sudden temperature changes can stress the plant.
Aloe vera doesn’t require frequent fertilization. Feed it once or twice a year during the growing season (spring and summer) with a diluted, balanced fertilizer (e.g., 10-10-10). Avoid over-fertilizing, as this can harm the plant. If the leaves turn brown or yellow, reduce or stop fertilizing altogether.
Remove dead or damaged leaves by cutting them close to the base with clean, sharp scissors. This encourages new growth and prevents disease. Repot the plant every 2–3 years or when it becomes root-bound. Gently remove the plant from its pot, trim any rotting roots, and replant it in fresh soil.
Aloe vera is relatively pest-resistant but can occasionally attract mealybugs or spider mites. Wipe the leaves with a damp cloth or use insecticidal soap to treat infestations. Root rot, caused by overwatering, is the most common disease. If the leaves turn mushy or black, reduce watering and repot the plant in dry soil.
To harvest the gel, select a mature, outer leaf and cut it close to the base. Slice the leaf open lengthwise and scoop out the clear gel. Avoid the yellow sap (aloin), which can be irritating to the skin. Use the gel immediately or store it in the refrigerator for short-term use.
