The Fiddle-Leaf Fig (Ficus lyrata) and the Rubber Plant (Ficus elastica) both belong to the Ficus genus within the Moraceae family. Despite their shared genus, they are distinct species with unique characteristics. The Fiddle-Leaf Fig is named for its violin-shaped leaves, while the Rubber Plant is known for its thick, glossy foliage and historical use in rubber production.
The most noticeable difference lies in their leaves. The Fiddle-Leaf Fig features large, broad leaves with prominent veins and a wavy, undulating margin, resembling a fiddle or lyre. These leaves can grow up to 15 inches long and 10 inches wide. In contrast, the Rubber Plant has oval-shaped, leathery leaves with a smooth margin and a glossy surface. Its leaves are typically smaller, averaging 8–12 inches in length, and exhibit a deeper green hue, sometimes with variegated patterns in cultivated varieties.
The Fiddle-Leaf Fig tends to grow as a single-stemmed tree, reaching heights of up to 10–15 feet indoors, with a more upright and less branching form. Its growth is often slower and requires careful pruning to maintain shape. The Rubber Plant, however, exhibits a bushier growth habit, often producing multiple stems and lateral branches. It can grow taller indoors (up to 6–10 feet) but responds well to pruning, encouraging denser foliage.
Fiddle-Leaf Figs thrive in bright, indirect light and are sensitive to sudden changes in light exposure, often dropping leaves if conditions fluctuate. They prefer higher humidity levels. Rubber Plants are more adaptable, tolerating lower light conditions and occasional neglect. They can withstand drier air but grow best in moderate to bright indirect light. Both plants are sensitive to cold drafts and temperatures below 50°F (10°C).
Fiddle-Leaf Figs require consistently moist but well-draining soil, as overwatering or underwatering can cause leaf drop. They benefit from a chunky, aerated potting mix. Rubber Plants are more drought-tolerant and prefer slightly drier conditions between waterings. A standard well-draining potting mix suffices, but they are prone to root rot if overwatered.
Both plants are susceptible to spider mites, mealybugs, and scale insects. However, Fiddle-Leaf Figs are more prone to leaf edema (water-soaked spots) due to inconsistent watering, while Rubber Plants may develop yellowing leaves from overwatering or low light. Fiddle-Leaf Figs also exhibit dramatic leaf drop when stressed, whereas Rubber Plants are more resilient to environmental changes.
Both species contain latex-like sap, which can irritate skin and mucous membranes and is toxic if ingested by pets or humans. The Rubber Plant’s sap was historically harvested for rubber production, making it slightly more irritating. Pet owners should keep both plants out of reach of cats and dogs.
Fiddle-Leaf Figs are prized for their sculptural, statement-making foliage and are often used as focal points in modern interiors. Rubber Plants, with their glossy leaves and compact growth, suit a wider range of decor styles, including traditional and tropical themes. Variegated Rubber Plant varieties (e.g., ‘Tineke’ or ‘Ruby’) add color contrast to spaces.
Both plants propagate well from stem cuttings. Fiddle-Leaf Fig cuttings root best in water or moist soil with high humidity. Rubber Plant cuttings can root directly in soil or water and often produce aerial roots, making propagation slightly easier. Air layering is another effective method for Rubber Plants due to their thicker stems.
