Fiddle-leaf figs (Ficus lyrata) are beloved for their lush, violin-shaped leaves, but they are also prone to pest infestations. These pests can weaken the plant by sucking sap, spreading diseases, or damaging foliage. Understanding common pests and their treatments is essential for maintaining a healthy fiddle-leaf fig.
Spider mites are tiny arachnids that thrive in dry conditions. They create fine webbing on leaves and cause yellow or brown speckling. From the plant's perspective, spider mites pierce leaf cells, reducing photosynthesis and causing stress.
Mealybugs appear as white, cottony masses on leaves and stems. They feed on plant sap, excreting sticky honeydew that attracts mold. For the fiddle-leaf fig, this weakens growth and may lead to leaf drop.
Scale insects attach themselves to stems and leaves, forming hard or soft shells. They drain nutrients, causing yellowing and stunted growth. The plant's response includes wilting and reduced vigor.
Aphids cluster on new growth, sucking sap and distorting leaves. They reproduce rapidly, overwhelming the plant. Fiddle-leaf figs may exhibit curled leaves and slowed development.
Fungus gnats lay eggs in moist soil, and their larvae feed on roots. While adult gnats are harmless, larvae damage root systems, impairing the plant's ability to absorb water and nutrients.
Increase humidity by misting leaves regularly, as spider mites dislike moisture. Wipe leaves with a damp cloth or use insecticidal soap. For severe cases, apply neem oil to disrupt their life cycle.
Remove visible mealybugs with a cotton swab dipped in rubbing alcohol. Spray the plant with a mixture of water and mild soap, ensuring coverage under leaves. Repeat treatments weekly until eradicated.
Scrape off scales gently with a soft brush or fingernail. Apply horticultural oil to suffocate remaining pests. Systemic insecticides may be necessary for persistent infestations.
Blast aphids off with a strong stream of water. Introduce beneficial insects like ladybugs or apply neem oil. Regularly inspect new growth to prevent reinfestation.
Allow the soil to dry between waterings to discourage larvae. Use yellow sticky traps to catch adult gnats. Apply a soil drench containing Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) to target larvae.
To minimize pest risks, maintain proper care: provide bright, indirect light, avoid overwatering, and clean leaves regularly. Quarantine new plants before introducing them to your collection. Healthy fiddle-leaf figs are more resilient to pests.
