Oleander (Nerium oleander) is a popular ornamental shrub known for its vibrant flowers and hardy nature. Native to the Mediterranean region, it thrives in warm climates and is often used in landscaping. However, despite its beauty, oleander is highly toxic to humans and animals. All parts of the plant, including leaves, flowers, stems, and even dried material, contain potent cardiac glycosides, which can cause severe poisoning if ingested.
The primary toxins in oleander are cardiac glycosides, such as oleandrin and neriine. These compounds interfere with the sodium-potassium pump in heart cells, leading to irregular heart rhythms, gastrointestinal distress, and, in severe cases, death. Even small amounts—such as a single leaf or flower—can be dangerous, especially for pets and small children. The plant's toxicity persists even when dried or burned, as smoke or ash can also pose risks.
Signs of oleander poisoning may appear within hours of ingestion. Common symptoms include:
Immediate medical or veterinary attention is critical if poisoning is suspected.
To minimize risks, follow these precautions:
If exposure occurs:
Treatment may include activated charcoal, IV fluids, or medications to stabilize heart function.
Some believe that boiling or cooking oleander removes its toxicity, but this is false. Heat does not neutralize the cardiac glycosides. Additionally, honey made from oleander flowers can also be poisonous, so avoid consuming any products derived from the plant.
