Bougainvillea is a hardy, drought-resistant plant known for its vibrant bracts and ornamental appeal. However, like all plants, it is susceptible to various diseases caused by fungi, bacteria, pests, and environmental stressors. Understanding these diseases is crucial for maintaining healthy bougainvillea.
Fungal infections are among the most common issues affecting bougainvillea. These pathogens thrive in humid or poorly ventilated conditions.
Leaf spot manifests as small, dark brown or black spots on leaves, often with yellow halos. Severe infections can lead to defoliation. To manage this, remove affected leaves and improve air circulation.
Powdery mildew appears as a white, powdery coating on leaves and stems. It weakens the plant by inhibiting photosynthesis. Fungicidal sprays or neem oil can help control its spread.
Root rot occurs due to overwatering or poor drainage, causing roots to turn brown and mushy. Affected plants may wilt or die. Prevent this by ensuring well-draining soil and avoiding waterlogged conditions.
Bacterial infections are less common but can be severe if not addressed promptly.
This disease causes water-soaked lesions on leaves, which later turn brown or black. Prune infected areas and avoid overhead watering to reduce moisture on foliage.
Crown gall leads to swollen, tumor-like growths on stems or roots. Infected plants should be removed to prevent spread, as there is no cure.
Pests can introduce or exacerbate diseases in bougainvillea.
Aphids spread viruses like Bougainvillea Chlorotic Vein Banding Virus (BCVBV), causing yellowing and stunted growth. Control aphids with insecticidal soap or natural predators like ladybugs.
Scale insects secrete honeydew, promoting sooty mold growth on leaves. This black fungus blocks sunlight, weakening the plant. Treat scales with horticultural oil and prune heavily infested areas.
Non-pathogenic factors can also mimic disease symptoms.
Yellowing leaves may indicate nitrogen or iron deficiency. Apply balanced fertilizers or chelated iron supplements to address this.
Overwatering causes root rot, while underwatering leads to wilting and leaf drop. Maintain consistent moisture levels tailored to the plant's needs.
Proactive care minimizes disease risks.
Ensure adequate spacing for air circulation and plant in well-draining soil to reduce fungal and bacterial growth.
Inspect plants weekly for early signs of disease or pests. Prompt action prevents severe outbreaks.
Disinfect pruning tools and remove fallen debris to eliminate potential disease reservoirs.
