Daylilies (Hemerocallis) and true lilies (Lilium) are often confused due to their similar names and floral appearances, but they belong to different plant families and have distinct characteristics. Understanding their differences is essential for proper identification and care.
Daylilies: Belong to the family Asphodelaceae (formerly Xanthorrhoeaceae). They are herbaceous perennials with tuberous roots and grass-like foliage.
True Lilies: Part of the family Liliaceae. They grow from bulbs and feature tall, erect stems with narrow leaves arranged in whorls or spirals.
Daylilies: Each flower lasts only one day (hence the name), but plants produce multiple blooms. Flowers have six petals (technically three petals and three sepals) and a trumpet-like shape. Colors range from yellow to red, often with a contrasting throat.
True Lilies: Flowers last longer (up to a week or more) and are borne in clusters. They have six true petals forming a distinct funnel, bowl, or turban shape. Colors include white, pink, orange, and speckled varieties.
Daylilies: Leaves are long, strap-like, and grow in clumps from the base. They are deciduous or evergreen, depending on the variety.
True Lilies: Leaves are narrower and grow alternately or in whorls along the stem. They are typically deciduous, dying back after flowering.
Daylilies: Spread via rhizomes, forming dense clumps over time. They rarely produce seeds unless cross-pollinated.
True Lilies: Grow from bulbs, which multiply slowly. Many species produce seed pods after flowering.
Daylilies: Thrive in full sun to partial shade (at least 6 hours of sunlight daily). Tolerate a wide range of light conditions.
True Lilies: Prefer full sun but benefit from afternoon shade in hot climates. Insufficient light reduces flowering.
Daylilies: Adaptable to most soil types but prefer well-draining, slightly acidic to neutral soil. Tolerate drought once established.
True Lilies: Require rich, well-draining soil with high organic matter. Bulbs are prone to rot in waterlogged conditions.
Daylilies: Drought-tolerant; water deeply but infrequently. Overwatering can lead to root rot.
True Lilies: Need consistent moisture during growth and flowering. Reduce watering after blooms fade to prevent bulb rot.
Daylilies: Remove spent flowers to encourage reblooming. Cut back foliage in late fall or early spring.
True Lilies: Deadhead flowers but leave stems until they yellow to allow bulbs to store energy. Avoid cutting green foliage prematurely.
Daylilies: Easily divided every 3–4 years in spring or fall. Seeds are slow to mature and may not replicate parent plants.
True Lilies: Propagate by scaling bulbs, dividing offsets, or sowing seeds (though seed-grown plants may take years to flower).
Daylilies: Susceptible to aphids, spider mites, and daylily rust. Crown rot may occur in poorly drained soil.
True Lilies: Vulnerable to lily beetles, slugs, and fungal diseases like botrytis. Viral infections can stunt growth.
