Boston ferns (*Nephrolepis exaltata*) are tropical plants that naturally shed older fronds as part of their growth cycle. If only a few leaves are falling, this may be normal. However, excessive leaf drop indicates stress. The plant communicates its discomfort through leaf loss, so it’s essential to identify the underlying cause.
Boston ferns thrive in consistently moist but not waterlogged soil. Underwatering causes the fronds to dry out and fall, while overwatering leads to root rot, which also triggers leaf drop. The plant’s roots need oxygen, and soggy soil suffocates them, forcing the fern to shed leaves to conserve energy.
As tropical plants, Boston ferns require high humidity (50–80%). Dry air causes the leaf tips to brown and the fronds to crisp and drop. Indoor environments, especially with heating or air conditioning, often lack sufficient humidity for the fern’s needs.
While Boston ferns prefer indirect light, too little light weakens the plant, leading to sparse growth and leaf loss. Direct sunlight, however, scorches the delicate fronds, causing them to yellow and fall.
Boston ferns prefer temperatures between 60–75°F (15–24°C). Cold drafts, sudden temperature fluctuations, or exposure to temperatures below 50°F (10°C) shock the plant, resulting in leaf drop.
Lack of essential nutrients, particularly nitrogen, causes older fronds to yellow and fall. Over-fertilization can also harm the roots, leading to similar symptoms.
Spider mites, mealybugs, and scale insects sap the plant’s vitality, causing leaves to wilt and drop. These pests often thrive in dry conditions, exacerbating the problem.
Water the fern when the top inch of soil feels dry. Use lukewarm water to avoid shocking the roots. Ensure proper drainage to prevent waterlogging. A self-watering pot or pebble tray can help maintain consistent moisture.
Mist the fern daily, place it on a humidity tray, or use a room humidifier. Grouping plants together also creates a microclimate with higher humidity.
Place the fern in bright, indirect light, such as near an east- or north-facing window. If natural light is insufficient, supplement with grow lights.
Keep the fern away from vents, doors, and cold windows. Maintain a steady room temperature within the plant’s preferred range.
Feed the fern monthly during the growing season (spring–summer) with a balanced, diluted liquid fertilizer. Avoid fertilizing in winter when growth slows.
Inspect the fern regularly for pests. Treat infestations with insecticidal soap or neem oil. Wiping the fronds with a damp cloth can also deter pests.
To minimize future leaf drop, replicate the fern’s natural habitat as closely as possible. Prune dead or yellowing fronds to encourage new growth. Repot every 1–2 years to refresh the soil and prevent root binding. Consistent care is key to keeping the Boston fern lush and vibrant.
