Tulip bulbs are perennial plants that naturally multiply underground. Each bulb produces smaller offsets, or "daughter bulbs," around the base of the main bulb. Over time, these offsets grow and compete for nutrients, which can reduce flowering. Dividing the bulbs ensures each has enough space and resources to thrive. The best time to divide tulip bulbs in the US is in late summer to early fall (September to October), after the foliage has died back but before the ground freezes.
Before digging, ensure the tulip foliage has turned yellow or brown, signaling the plant has stored enough energy for the next season. Use a garden fork or spade to gently loosen the soil around the bulbs, taking care not to damage them. Lift the bulbs from the soil and brush off excess dirt. Inspect the bulbs for signs of disease or rot, discarding any that appear unhealthy. Healthy bulbs should be firm and free of soft spots.
Gently twist or pull apart the smaller offsets from the main bulb. Larger offsets (about the size of a quarter) are more likely to flower in the next season, while smaller ones may take a year or two to mature. If the bulbs don’t separate easily, use a clean, sharp knife to cut them apart, ensuring each division has a portion of the basal plate (the root-growing area at the bottom). Dust cuts with fungicide powder to prevent infection.
Tulips thrive in well-draining soil and full sun (at least 6 hours daily). Avoid areas where water pools, as bulbs can rot in soggy conditions. If transplanting to a new location, prepare the soil by mixing in compost or organic matter to improve fertility and drainage. The ideal pH for tulips is slightly acidic to neutral (6.0–7.0).
Plant bulbs at a depth of 6–8 inches (15–20 cm), measured from the base of the bulb. Space them 4–6 inches (10–15 cm) apart to allow room for growth. Place the bulb with the pointed end facing upward and the basal plate downward. Cover with soil and water thoroughly to settle the soil and encourage root development. In colder regions (USDA zones 3–7), add a 2–3 inch layer of mulch to insulate the bulbs over winter.
Water the transplanted bulbs lightly if the fall season is dry, but avoid overwatering. Fertilize with a balanced bulb fertilizer or bone meal at planting time to support root growth. In spring, watch for new shoots and resume regular watering if rainfall is insufficient. After blooming, allow the foliage to die back naturally to replenish the bulb’s energy for the next season.
Avoid dividing bulbs too early (while foliage is still green), as this can weaken the plant. Don’t plant bulbs in heavy clay soil without amending it first, as poor drainage leads to rot. Refrain from cutting back foliage prematurely, as this reduces the bulb’s ability to store energy. Lastly, avoid planting bulbs in areas where tulips were recently grown to prevent disease buildup.
