One of the most common mistakes when growing peonies is planting them too deeply. Peonies thrive when their "eyes" (the small, reddish buds on the roots) are buried no more than 2 inches below the soil surface. If planted deeper, the plant may struggle to bloom or fail to flower altogether. Deep planting can also lead to rot, as the crown becomes susceptible to excess moisture.
Peonies need ample space to grow and flourish. Planting them too close to other plants or each other can lead to competition for nutrients, water, and sunlight. Overcrowding also increases the risk of fungal diseases due to poor air circulation. Ensure each peony plant has at least 3–4 feet of space to allow for healthy growth and airflow.
Peonies require at least 6 hours of direct sunlight daily to produce abundant blooms. Planting them in shady areas or under dense tree canopies will result in weak stems, sparse foliage, and few or no flowers. If your garden has limited sunlight, choose a spot with morning sun, as it is less intense and helps prevent petal scorching in hot climates.
Peonies dislike soggy soil, and overwatering can lead to root rot and fungal infections. They prefer well-draining soil and should only be watered when the top inch of soil feels dry. Avoid planting peonies in low-lying areas where water collects, and consider amending heavy clay soil with organic matter to improve drainage.
While peonies benefit from nutrients, excessive or improper fertilization can harm them. Avoid high-nitrogen fertilizers, which promote leafy growth at the expense of flowers. Instead, use a balanced, low-nitrogen fertilizer or compost in early spring. Over-fertilizing can also lead to weak stems that flop over under the weight of blooms.
Peonies are generally hardy but can fall victim to pests like thrips and diseases such as botrytis blight. Ignoring early signs of infestation or infection can weaken the plant. Remove and dispose of affected foliage promptly, avoid overhead watering, and ensure good air circulation to minimize risks. Organic fungicides or insecticidal soaps can be used if problems persist.
Peonies are long-lived perennials that dislike frequent disturbance. Transplanting or dividing them too often can stress the plants and delay flowering for several years. If division is necessary, do it in the fall and only when the plant is overcrowded or declining in vigor. Always replant divisions at the correct depth to ensure successful regrowth.
After blooming, peonies need their foliage to photosynthesize and store energy for the next season. Cutting back the leaves too early weakens the plant and reduces next year's blooms. Wait until the foliage turns yellow or brown in the fall before pruning. This allows the plant to complete its natural growth cycle and build reserves for winter dormancy.
