Pothos (*Epipremnum aureum*), also known as Devil's Ivy, is a popular houseplant renowned for its hardiness and lush foliage. Beyond its aesthetic appeal, Pothos is often touted for its ability to purify indoor air. This claim stems from a landmark NASA study conducted in 1989, which explored the potential of plants to remove volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from enclosed environments. From a botanical perspective, Pothos exhibits several traits that contribute to its air-purifying capabilities.
Plants, including Pothos, engage in photosynthesis, a process where they absorb carbon dioxide and release oxygen. However, their ability to purify air extends beyond this. Pothos can absorb airborne toxins like formaldehyde, benzene, and xylene through their leaves and roots. These compounds are then broken down by microorganisms in the soil and the plant's own metabolic processes. The NASA study highlighted that Pothos was particularly effective at reducing formaldehyde levels, with a removal rate of up to 73% in controlled environments.
Pothos purifies air through two primary mechanisms: leaf absorption and root-microbe interaction. The plant's leaves have stomata—tiny pores that allow gas exchange. These stomata can absorb certain VOCs, which are then transported to the roots. The roots, along with symbiotic soil microbes, further break down these pollutants into harmless byproducts. This dual-action system makes Pothos an efficient natural air filter.
While Pothos does purify air, its effectiveness is limited by factors such as light availability, plant size, and pollutant concentration. Low-light conditions can slow down photosynthesis and reduce the plant's ability to process toxins. Additionally, a single Pothos plant can only purify a small volume of air. For significant air purification, multiple plants or complementary methods (e.g., ventilation) are necessary.
Pothos is one of several plants studied by NASA for air purification. Compared to species like the Peace Lily or Spider Plant, Pothos is more resilient and adaptable to low-light conditions, making it a practical choice for indoor environments. However, its pollutant removal rates may vary depending on the specific VOC. For example, Peace Lilies are more effective at removing ammonia, while Pothos excels at formaldehyde reduction.
To enhance Pothos' air-purifying abilities, place it in moderate to bright indirect light and ensure proper watering to maintain healthy root microbes. Regularly wiping the leaves can prevent dust buildup, which may block stomata. For optimal results, combine Pothos with other air-purifying plants and maintain good indoor air circulation.
