Carnations (Dianthus caryophyllus) are perennial flowers with a natural lifespan of 7–14 days in arrangements. Their longevity depends on vascular health, ethylene sensitivity, and water uptake. The stems contain xylem vessels that transport water and nutrients, while ethylene gas accelerates petal wilting. To extend their vase life, focus on maintaining stem integrity and delaying senescence.
Cut carnation stems at a 45-degree angle with sharp, sterilized shears to maximize water absorption. Avoid crushing stems, as damaged xylem vessels restrict hydration. Remove leaves submerged in water to prevent bacterial growth, but retain upper foliage for photosynthesis. Recut stems underwater to prevent air embolism, which blocks water uptake.
Use lukewarm water (35–40°C) initially to dissolve air pockets in stems, then switch to cool water (10–15°C). Add floral preservatives containing biocides (e.g., bleach or citric acid) to inhibit bacteria, sugars for energy, and pH stabilizers. Change water every 2–3 days to maintain cleanliness and oxygen levels. Avoid hard water, as minerals clog vascular tissues.
Carnations are highly sensitive to ethylene, a ripening hormone emitted by fruits, decaying plants, and exhaust fumes. Store arrangements away from ethylene sources and use ethylene inhibitors (e.g., silver thiosulfate or 1-MCP) if available. Promptly remove wilted flowers to reduce ethylene production within the arrangement.
Place carnations in a cool environment (2–4°C) when not displayed, as low temperatures slow metabolic rates. During display, avoid direct sunlight, heat vents, or drafts, which increase transpiration. Maintain humidity at 60–80% to reduce moisture loss from petals. Use misting sparingly—excess moisture promotes fungal growth.
While floral preservatives provide short-term sugars, avoid homemade remedies like aspirin or vinegar, which may imbalance pH. For long-term displays, replenish preservative solutions regularly. If using tap water, let it sit overnight to dissipate chlorine, which can damage delicate stem tissues.
Commercial growers often pulse carnations with hydrating solutions (e.g., 200 ppm citric acid) or anti-ethylene agents before shipping. Rehydrate store-bought flowers by submerging entire stems in water for 1–2 hours before arranging. This reverses minor wilt caused by transport stress.
Choose clean, non-metallic vases to minimize chemical reactions. Arrange carnations loosely to allow air circulation and reduce petal bruising. Avoid overcrowding, as dense arrangements trap ethylene and humidity. For mixed bouquets, separate ethylene-producing flowers (e.g., lilies) from carnations.
