Monstera plants, particularly Monstera deliciosa, develop fenestrations (holes) as an adaptation to optimize light capture in their natural rainforest habitats. If your Monstera isn’t producing fenestrated leaves, it may not be receiving enough light. In low-light conditions, the plant prioritizes leaf surface area over fenestrations to maximize photosynthesis. To encourage fenestrations, provide bright, indirect light for at least 6–8 hours daily. Avoid direct sunlight, which can scorch the leaves, but ensure the plant is near a window with filtered light.
Fenestrations typically appear as the Monstera matures. Juvenile plants often produce solid, heart-shaped leaves without holes. If your plant is young (under 2–3 years old), it may simply need more time to develop fenestrations. As the plant grows taller and stronger, its leaves will naturally become larger and more intricately fenestrated. Patience is key—ensure proper care while waiting for the plant to reach maturity.
Monsteras thrive in warm, humid environments mimicking their tropical origins. If the air is too dry or temperatures are inconsistent, the plant may struggle to develop fenestrations. Aim for humidity levels above 60% and temperatures between 65–85°F (18–29°C). Use a humidifier or pebble tray to increase moisture, and avoid placing the plant near drafts or heating vents. Stable conditions promote healthy leaf development.
Nutrient deficiencies can hinder fenestration development. Monsteras require well-draining, aerated soil rich in organic matter. A lack of essential nutrients like nitrogen, phosphorus, or potassium may stunt leaf growth. Fertilize monthly during the growing season (spring and summer) with a balanced, diluted houseplant fertilizer. Avoid over-fertilizing, which can cause salt buildup and damage roots. Repotting every 1–2 years with fresh soil can also prevent nutrient depletion.
Both overwatering and underwatering stress the plant, delaying fenestration formation. Monsteras prefer consistently moist but not soggy soil. Water when the top 1–2 inches of soil feel dry, ensuring excess water drains away. Root rot from overwatering can weaken the plant, while underwatering causes dehydration and stunted growth. Adjust your watering routine based on seasonal changes—less in winter, more in summer.
In the wild, Monsteras climb trees to reach brighter light, which triggers fenestration development. Without support, the plant may focus energy on sprawling rather than producing mature leaves. Provide a moss pole, trellis, or stake to encourage upward growth. As the plant climbs, it will allocate resources to larger, fenestrated leaves, mimicking its natural growth habit.
Pests (e.g., spider mites, mealybugs) or diseases (e.g., fungal infections) can weaken the plant, diverting energy away from leaf development. Regularly inspect leaves for discoloration, spots, or insects. Treat infestations promptly with insecticidal soap or neem oil, and isolate affected plants to prevent spread. A healthy Monstera is more likely to produce fenestrations.
Some Monstera varieties or individual plants may naturally produce fewer or no fenestrations due to genetic traits. If all other conditions are optimal and the plant remains unfenestrated, it may simply be a less fenestrated cultivar (e.g., Monstera adansonii has smaller holes than M. deliciosa). Research your specific variety to set realistic expectations.
