Monstera deliciosa, commonly known as the Swiss cheese plant, is a tropical vine prized for its large, fenestrated leaves. While it is typically grown in soil, many plant enthusiasts experiment with hydroponics—growing plants in water without soil. The question of whether Monstera can thrive in water long-term depends on several factors, including nutrient availability, root health, and environmental conditions.
Monstera cuttings can easily root in water, making it a popular method for propagation. When a stem cutting with a node is placed in water, it develops water roots within weeks. These roots differ from soil roots; they are thinner, more fibrous, and adapted to absorb oxygen and nutrients directly from the water. However, this adaptation does not guarantee long-term success, as water alone lacks essential nutrients found in soil.
For long-term hydroponic growth, Monstera requires a balanced supply of macro- and micronutrients. In soil, these nutrients are naturally available, but in water, they must be added artificially. A diluted liquid fertilizer formulated for hydroponics can provide nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and trace elements like iron and magnesium. Without supplementation, the plant will eventually show signs of deficiency, such as yellowing leaves or stunted growth.
Roots submerged in water are prone to oxygen deprivation, which can lead to root rot. Unlike soil, which allows for air pockets, stagnant water can suffocate roots. To mitigate this, the water should be changed regularly (every 1-2 weeks) to prevent bacterial growth, and an air stone or pump can be used to increase oxygenation. Healthy roots should appear white or light tan; dark, mushy roots indicate rot and require immediate attention.
Monstera grown in water has the same light requirements as soil-grown plants: bright, indirect light. However, hydroponic Monsteras may be more sensitive to temperature fluctuations. Cold water can shock the roots, while warm water encourages bacterial growth. Maintaining a stable room temperature (18-27°C or 65-80°F) and avoiding direct sunlight (which can overheat the water) are critical for long-term success.
While Monstera can survive in water for extended periods, it may not thrive as vigorously as in soil. Over time, the plant may exhibit slower growth, smaller leaves, or fewer fenestrations due to the lack of a structured root environment. Additionally, algae growth in the water can compete for nutrients and block light, further stressing the plant.
If long-term water growth proves unsustainable, transitioning the plant to soil is possible but requires care. Water roots are delicate and may struggle to adapt to soil initially. Gradually introducing the plant to a moist soil mix and maintaining high humidity can ease the transition. However, some shock or leaf loss is common during this process.
While Monstera can technically grow in water long-term with proper care, it is not the ideal medium for optimal health and growth. Regular nutrient supplementation, oxygenation, and maintenance are essential to prevent deficiencies and root issues. For most growers, soil or semi-hydroponic systems (like LECA) may offer a more sustainable solution.
